Dose matters: Direct killing or immunoregulatory effects of natural polysaccharides in cancer treatment

Pang, Guibin; Wang, Fujun; Zhang, Leshuai W.

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.100

Cited by 42 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…Recently, many natural products have been proved to have antitumor effects; the anti-tumor mechanism of the natural products includes direct killing, inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells, promoting their apoptosis, and improving the immune function of the human body. 24,25 In addition, previous studies show that these natural products can induce apoptosis of cancer cells via the mitochondrial pathway, such as polysaccharides 26 and curcumin. 27 After our research, we found that gracillin has great potential antiproliferative activity on A549 cells in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gracillin Isolated from Reineckia carnea Induces Apoptosis of A549 Cells via the Mitochondrial Pathway

Yang¹,

Cao²,

Li³

et al. 2021

DDDT

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Background: Reineckia carnea is commonly used to treat cough, pneumonia and other diseases in China. In our previous study, it was found that the ethanol extracts of Reineckia carnea have a strong inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human lung cancer A549 cells. Here, we isolated gracillin from ethanol extracts for the first time. Purpose: Clarify the antiproliferation effect of gracillin on A549 cells and further explore its mechanisms via the mitochondrial pathway. Methods: Gracillin was isolated and purified by silica gel, D-101 macroporous resin and preparative RP-HPLC, then identified by NMR and HR-MS. The inhibitory effects of gracillin on the proliferation of A549 cells were detected by the MTS method. Its mechanisms were further explored by flow cytometry and Western blot. Results: A steroid saponin, gracillin, was isolated and identified from Reineckia carnea for the first time. In a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner, gracillin significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells with an IC 50 value at 2.54 μmol/L and induced morphological changes. The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptosis rate of A549 cells was significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the cells proportion was obviously arrested in S phase. The concentration of intracellular calcium was raised (p < 0.01), and the mitochondrial membrane potential was greatly decreased (p < 0.01). In addition, the expression levels of Bax, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome C were dramatically up-regulated while Bcl-2 was down-regulated (p < 0.05) in A549 cells. Conclusion:This study confirmed that gracillin has a significant antiproliferative effect on A549 cells. Gracillin could induce the apoptosis of A549 cells through the mitochondrial pathway, which might be associated with regulation of the concentration of intracellular calcium, the mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome C.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gracillin Isolated from Reineckia carnea Induces Apoptosis of A549 Cells via the Mitochondrial Pathway

Yang¹,

Cao²,

Li³

et al. 2021

DDDT

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“…According to the sources, they can be divided into five categories: fungal, higher plant, lichen and algae, animal, and bacterial polysaccharides (Yin et al, 2019). Polysaccharides are generally composed of glycosidic covalently linked monosaccharides and contained different proportions of mannose, galactose, glucose, xylose, arabinose, rhamnose and other types of monosaccharides (Pang et al, 2018). At present, researches are focused on arabinogalactan, galactomannan, and pectin polysaccharides from higher plants, β-glucan from fungi, and sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed (Yu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Natural Polysaccharides In Anti-tumor Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fungal polysaccharides may be more influential in hormone/endocrine-related tumors. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides have strong killing effect on liver cancer and colon cancer cell lines, but have no effect on osteosarcoma cells; compared with liver cancer, LNT has a better effect on breast cancer (Pang et al, 2018). Therefore, when we are faced with complex polysaccharides, we not only need to understand its basic structure, but also should compare and analyze it from multiple angles, combined with laboratory results, to comprehensively explore its possible ways of action.…”

Section: Summary and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Polysaccharides and Their Derivates: A Promising Natural Adjuvant for Tumor Immunotherapy

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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The treatment process of tumor is advanced with the development of immunotherapy. In clinical experience, immunotherapy has achieved very significant results. However, the application of immunotherapy is limited by a variety of immune microenvironment. For a long time in the past, polysaccharides such as lentinan and Ganoderma lucidum glycopeptide have been used in clinic as adjuvant drugs to widely improve the immunity of the body. However, their mechanism in tumor immunotherapy has not been deeply discussed. Studies have shown that natural polysaccharides can stimulate innate immunity by activating upstream immune cells so as to regulate adaptive immune pathways such as T cells and improve the effect of immunotherapy, suggesting that polysaccharides also have a promising future in cancer therapy. This review systematically discusses that polysaccharides can directly or indirectly activate macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells etc., binding to their surface receptors, inducing PI3K/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Notch and other pathways, promote their proliferation and differentiation, increasing the secretion of cytokines, and improve the state of immune suppression. These results provide relevant basis for guiding polysaccharide to be used as adjuvants of cancer immunotherapy.

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“…Cancer, which is uncontrolled, invasive and sometimes metastasizing, gives us the creeps (Tai et al, 2010). Over recent years, cancer is one of the major global diseases that has depicted a drastic increase in morbidity and mortality rates (Pang et al, 2018;Gao et al, 2018). There are many factors causing the problem of cancer development, such as inheritance, obesity, smoking, infection, physical inactivity and even negative emotion (Torre et al, 2012;Ferlay et al, 2015).…”

Section: A C C E P T E Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of extract from ginseng rust rot on the inhibition of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro

Jiao

Wang

et al. 2019

Micron

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Dose matters: Direct killing or immunoregulatory effects of natural polysaccharides in cancer treatment

Cited by 42 publications

References 150 publications

Gracillin Isolated from Reineckia carnea Induces Apoptosis of A549 Cells via the Mitochondrial Pathway

Gracillin Isolated from Reineckia carnea Induces Apoptosis of A549 Cells via the Mitochondrial Pathway

Natural Polysaccharides and Their Derivates: A Promising Natural Adjuvant for Tumor Immunotherapy

Effect of extract from ginseng rust rot on the inhibition of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro

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