Dose-response relationship between cigarette smoking and female sexual dysfunction

Abstract

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether smoking is a risk factor for female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and to determine the relationship between the cumulative smoking dose and FSD in premenopausal women.MethodsThe study population consisted of sexually active premenopausal women. The frequency of FSD and female sexual function index (FSFI) total score were evaluated according to the smoking status (never/former and current smokers). Evaluation of sexual function was done using FSFI questionnaire, and women with FSFI score of ≤26.55 were considered to have FSD. In current smokers, sexual function was also evaluated according to the cumulative smoking dose and nicotine dependency.ResultsA total of 900 women were included, and the frequency of current smokers and the frequency of FSD were 62 (6.9%) and 496 (55.1%), respectively. In current smokers, the frequency of FSD was significantly higher and the median total FSFI score was significantly lower than in never/former smokers, and this difference of FSD remained significant after adjustment for confounding variables. Among current smokers, the cumulative smoking dose (pack-years) and the total FSFI score showed negative correlation, in which increased cumulative smoking dose was associated with lower total FSFI score (r=-0.278, P<0.05). In terms of nicotine dependency, the total FSFI score of moderately to heavily nicotine dependent smokers was significantly lower than that of lightly dependent smokers.ConclusionIn premenopausal women, current smoking was an independent risk factor for FSD. And cumulative smoking dose and nicotine dependency were associated with higher risk of FSD.

Subclinical Hypothyroidism Is Not a Risk Factor for Female Sexual Dysfunction in Korean Middle-Aged Women

“…However, this disorder has been neglected by clinicians and patients despite its importance and relatively high prevalence. In fact, only a small proportion of patients consult their doctor about sexual problems, and they are not being routinely asked about these problems by their physicians (1,2). Endocrine disorders often negatively affect sexual activity, and sexual dysfunction can be a sign of endocrine disease (12).…”

“…It was estimated that the average frequency of female sexual dysfunction would be 65% in middle-aged women according to previous reports (1,3,4). Assuming an estimated rate of subclinical hypothyroidism of 10%, it was determined that 1111 middle-aged women would be required with 90% power and a type 1 error of 5% and 871 middleaged women would be required with 80% power and a type 1 error of 5%.…”

“…In Korea, the overall prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in premenopausal women is 55% (1), and a survey of women 40-80 years old revealed that 37% of the women lacked sexual pleasure, and 31% were unable to achieve an orgasm (2). It is known that the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction increases with age and menopause, and the reported prevalence rates in middle-aged women and postmenopausal women were 55-65% and 68-86%, respectively (1,3,4).…”

Comparison of Quality of Life and Sexuality between Cervical Cancer Survivors and Healthy Women

“…Reports on sexuality in Korean women have been limited [4-6]. For women with gynecologic cancer, survivors’ QoL and sexual functioning worsened after treatment [3,7].…”

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a risk factor for female sexual dysfunction in premenopausal women

“…The female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is defined as a persistent and recurrent disorder of sexual desire, arousal, orgasm and pain[ 1 ]. FSD is a relatively common disorder, and the prevalence of FSD is reported to be 44–55% in premenopausal Korean women[ 2 , 3 ]. Female sexual function is associated with multidimensional factors, including anatomical, physiological, psychological and social factors[ 3 – 6 ], and can affect the quality of life and interpersonal relationships[ 7 ].…”