Dosimetric performance of a multipoint plastic scintillator dosimeter as a tool for real‐time source tracking in high dose rate Ir brachytherapy

Rosales, Haydee M. Linares; Archambault, Louis; Beddar, Sam; Beaulieu, Luc

doi:10.1002/mp.14246

Cited by 21 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…21,22 A detailed description of the entire system can be found in the literature. 17,22 The signal was read and sent to a computer at a rate of 100 kHz using a data acquisition board (DAQ) type DAQ NI USB-6216 M Series Multifunction from National Instruments (Austin, USA). 23 The scintillation light detection system is independently controlled from the irradiation unit with homemade software based on Python.…”

Section: A1 Mpsd Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combining the three active volumes of the mPSD reduces the three spheres to an annulus, 17 as shown in Fig. 2(b).…”

Section: C3 3d Source Position Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the last decade, new technologies for real-time monitoring of the treatment has emerged. 1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] These technologies have enabled tracking of the source in real-time. As the source position and dwell time are the key factors in the dose distribution, source tracking is considered to be at least as suitable as dose comparisons for treatment verification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,6,12,16 A special method of source tracking is based on dose rate measurements using scintillator-based point detectors. 9,13,15,17 In this case, the source positioning tracking is done by transforming the measured dose into a distance to the source using the TG43-U1. 18 These relative distances can be used to determine the actual source position using triangulation based on four measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have used small point detectors placed in a dedicated needle, which gives more freedom. Therriaul-Proulx et al 9 and Linares Rosales et al 17 both used a multipoint dosimeter containing three active volumes on a single optical fiber to make source tracking on a dwell position level, while Johansen et al 15 used a single point detector to perform source tracking on a needle-by-needle level. In all three cases, a degeneracy in ϕ was reported (only (r,z) are extracted).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D source tracking and error detection in HDR using two independent scintillator dosimetry systems

et al. 2021

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The aim of this study is to perform three-dimensional (3D) source position reconstruction by combining in vivo dosimetry measurements from two independent detector systems. Methods: Time-resolved dosimetry was performed in a water phantom during HDR brachytherapy irradiation with 192 Ir source using two detector systems. The first was based on three plastic scintillator detectors and the second on a single inorganic crystal (CsI:Tl). Brachytherapy treatments were simulated in water under TG-43U1 conditions, including a HDR prostate plan. Treatment needles were placed in distances covering a range of source movement of 120 mm around the detectors. The distance from each dwell position to each scintillator was determined based on the measured dose rates. The three distances given by the mPSD were recalculated to a position along the catheter (z) and a distance radially away from the mPSD (xy) for each dwell position (a circumference around the mPSD). The source x, y, and z coordinates were derived from the intersection of the mPSD's circumference with the sphere around the ISD based on the distance to this detector. We evaluated the accuracy of the source position reconstruction as a function of the distance to the source, the most likely location for detector positioning within a prostate volume, as well as the capacity to detect positioning errors.Results: Approximately 4000 source dwell positions were tracked for eight different HDR plans. An intersection of the mPSD torus and the ISD sphere was observed in 77.2% of the dwell positions, assuming no uncertainty in the dose rate determined distance. This increased to 100% if 1σ search regions were added. However, only 73(96)% of the expected dwell positions were found within the intersection band for 1(2) σ uncertainties. The agreement between the source's reconstructed and expected positions was within 3 mm for a range of distances to the source up to 50 mm. The experiments on a HDR prostate plan, showed that by having at least one of the detectors located in the middle of the prostate volume, reduces the measurement deviations considerably compared to scenarios where the detectors were located outside of the prostate volume. The analysis showed a detection probability that, in most cases, is far from the random detection threshold. Errors of 1(2) mm can be detected in ranges of 5-25 (25-50) mm from the source, with a true detection probability rate higher than 80%, while the false probability rate is kept below 20%. Conclusions: By combining two detector responses, we enabled the determination of the absolute source coordinates. The combination of the mPSD and the ISD in vivo dosimetry constitutes a promising alternative for real-time 3D source tracking in HDR brachytherapy.

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Section: A1 Mpsd Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combining the three active volumes of the mPSD reduces the three spheres to an annulus, 17 as shown in Fig. 2(b).…”

Section: C3 3d Source Position Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D source tracking and error detection in HDR using two independent scintillator dosimetry systems

et al. 2021

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Accuracy of an in vivo dosimetry‐based source tracking method for afterloading brachytherapy — A phantom study

et al. 2021

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To report on the accuracy of an in vivo dosimetry (IVD)-based source tracking (ST) method for high dose rate (HDR) prostate brachytherapy (BT). Methods: The ST was performed on a needle-by-needle basis. A least square fit of the expected to the measured dose rate was performed using the active dwell positions in the given needle. Two fitting parameters were used to determine the position of each needle relative to the IVD detector: radial (away or toward the detector) and longitudinal (along the axis of the treatment needle). The accuracy of the ST was assessed in a phantom where the geometries of five HDR prostate BT treatments previously treated at our clinic were reproduced. For each of the five treatment geometries, one irradiation was performed with the detector placed in the middle of the implant. Furthermore, four additional irradiations were performed for one of the geometries where the detector was retracted caudally in four steps of 10-15 mm and up to 12 mm inferior of the most inferior active dwell position, which represented the prostate apex. The time resolved dose measurements were retrieved at a rate of 20 Hz using a detector based on an Al 2 O 3 :C radioluminescence crystal, which was placed inside a standard BT needle. Individual calibrations of the detector were performed prior to each of the nine irradiations.Results: Source tracking could be applied in all needles across all nine irradiations. For irradiations with the detector located in the middle region of the implant (a total of 89 needles), the mean AE standard deviation (SD, k = 1) accuracy was −0.01 mm AE 0.38 mm and 0.30 mm AE 0.38 mm in the radial and longitudinal directions, respectively. Caudal retraction of the detector did not lead to reduced accuracy as long as the detector was located superior to the most inferior active dwell positions in all needles. However, reduced accuracy was observed for detector positions inferior to the most inferior active dwell positions which corresponded to detector positions in and inferior to the prostate apex region. Detector positions in the prostate apex and 12 mm inferior to the prostate resulted in mean AE SD (k = 1) ST accuracy of 0.7 mm AE 1 mm and 2.8 mm AE 1.6 mm, respectively, in radial direction, and −1.7 mm AE 1 mm and −2.1 mm AE 1.1 mm, respectively, in longitudinal direction. The largest deviations for the configurations with those detector positions were 2.6 and 5.4 mm, respectively, in the radial direction and −3.5 and −3.8 mm, respectively, in the longitudinal direction. Conclusion: This phantom study demonstrates that ST based on IVD during prostate BT is adequately accurate for clinical use. The ST yields submillimeter accuracy on needle positions as long as the IVD detector is positioned superior to at least one active dwell position in all needles. Locations of the detector inferior to the prostate apex result in decreased ST accuracy while detector locations in the apex region and above are advantageous for clinical applications.

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A high‐Z inorganic scintillator–based detector for time‐resolved in vivo dosimetry during brachytherapy

et al. 2021

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Purpose High‐dose rate (HDR) and pulsed‐dose rate (PDR) brachytherapy would benefit from an independent treatment verification system to monitor treatment delivery and to detect errors in real time. This paper characterizes and provides an uncertainty budget for a detector based on a fiber‐coupled high‐Z inorganic scintillator capable of performing time‐resolved in vivo dosimetry during HDR and PDR brachytherapy. Method The detector was composed of a detector probe and an optical reader. The detector probe consisted of either a 0.5 × 0.4 × 0.4 mm3 (HDR) or a 1.0 × 0.4 × 0.4 mm3 (PDR) cuboid ZnSe:O crystal glued onto an optical‐fiber cable. The outer diameter of the detector probes was 1 mm, and fit inside standard brachytherapy catheters. The signal from the detector probe was read out at 20 Hz by a photodiode and a data acquisition device inside the optical reader. In order to construct an uncertainty budget for the detector, six characteristics were determined: (1) temperature dependence of the detector probe, (2) energy dependence as a function of the probe‐to‐source position in 2D (determined with 2 mm resolution using a robotic arm), (3) the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), (4) short‐term stability over 8 h, and (5) long‐term stability of three optical readers and four probes used for in vivo monitoring in HDR and PDR treatments over 21 months (196 treatments and 189 detector calibrations, and (6) dose‐rate dependence. Results The total uncertainty of the detector at a 20 mm probe‐to‐source distance was < 5.1% and < 5.8% for the HDR and PDR versions, respectively. Regarding the above characteristics, (1) the sensitivity of the detector decreased by an average of 1.4%/°C for detector probe temperatures varying from 22 to 37°C; (2) the energy dependence of the detector was nonlinear and depended on both probe‐to‐source distance and the angle between the probe and the brachytherapy source; (3) the median SNRs were 187 and 34 at a 20 mm probe‐to‐source distance for the HDR and PDR versions, respectively (corresponding median source activities of 4.8 and 0.56 Ci, respectively); (4) the detector response varied by 0.6% in 11 identical irradiations over 8 h; (5) the sensitivity of the four detector probes decreased systematically by 0–1.2%/100 Gy of dose delivered to the probes, and random fluctuations of 4.8% in the sensitivity were observed for the three probes used in PDR and 1.9% for the probe used in HDR; and (6) the detector response was linear with dose rate. Conclusion ZnSe:O detectors can be used effectively for in vivo dosimetry and with high accuracy for HDR and PDR brachytherapy applications.

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Dosimetric performance of a multipoint plastic scintillator dosimeter as a tool for real‐time source tracking in high dose rate Ir brachytherapy

Cited by 21 publications

References 46 publications

3D source tracking and error detection in HDR using two independent scintillator dosimetry systems

3D source tracking and error detection in HDR using two independent scintillator dosimetry systems

Accuracy of an in vivo dosimetry‐based source tracking method for afterloading brachytherapy — A phantom study

A high‐Z inorganic scintillator–based detector for time‐resolved in vivo dosimetry during brachytherapy

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