Dostarlimab as a promising immunotherapy for endometrial cancer treatment – literature review

Abstract

Introduction and Objective. Endometrial cancer, a leading gynecological malignancy, is on the rise globally. Existing treatments for advanced cases have limited effectiveness and notable side-effects. Dostarlimab, a monoclonal antibody, enhances the immune response against tumuors by blocking the PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 interaction. This review examines dostarlimab's role, mechanism, clinical trials, and safety in endometrial cancer. Review Methods. A search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases to evaluate dostarlimab's therapeutic potential in endometrial cancer. The review encompasses studies detailing its mechanism of action, clinical trial outcomes, and safety data. Brief description of the state of knowledge. Endometrial cancer, the foremost gynecological malignancy in developed countries, has seen a surge in global incidence. Traditional treatments for advanced or recurrent cases exhibit limited efficacy and notable toxicity. Dostarlimab, an innovative monoclonal antibody, intervenes in the PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 axis, augmenting anti-tumour immune responses and fostering tumour regression. In April 2021, accelerated FDA approval was granted for dostarlimab in mismatch repair deficient recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer, post-platinum regimen. Subsequently, on 9 February 2023, FDA approval was extended to a broader patient cohort, encompassing those ineligible for curative surgery or radiation. Summary. Dostarlimab, targeting PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2, shows promise in treating advanced endometrial cancer. Mechanism, trials, and safety are explored. FDA approvals highlight its potential. Ongoing trials and combination therapies suggest a dynamic role in management. Dostarlimab offers renewed hope for patients.