Dot-Shaped 3D Range-Angle Dependent Beamforming With Discular Frequency Diverse Array

Akkoc, Ahmet; Afacan, Erkan; Yazgan, Erdem

doi:10.1109/tap.2021.3070128

Cited by 17 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the previous section, different arrays with different geometry and frequency distribution are simulated, and a comparison is made with the two designed arrays as benchmarks. Table III compares the results of two discular arrays with nonuniform frequency distribution, designed in [9] and [14], with the proposed configurations. Results reveal that the designed discular array performs best among simulated discular arrays.…”

Section: Space-frequency Diagram Of Fdamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. The discular array is chosen because previous studies showed that discular configurations have better performance than other configurations and can create narrow beams in range and angle [9]. In many discular configurations, the elements are arranged symmetrically around the x-and y-axis to have a symmetrical pattern in space.…”

Section: Analytical Formulation For General Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first introduced FDA had linear geometry [7], but later, many kinds of research have been carried out for planar configurations [8]. It can be proven that planar structures provide higher gain and directivity [9]. Two critical investigations of planar FDA can be found in [10], [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because pattern fluctuations come from frequency diversity, recent research proposed investigating different spatial configurations to find the optimum design. It also tried to find the best planar array configuration to form a dot-shaped pattern [9]. On the other hand, FDA can be used for space scanning applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing Planar Frequency Diverse Arrays in Space-Frequency Domain

Hasheminasab

Cheldavi²,

kishk³

2022

Preprint

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Antenna arrays benefit from spatial diversity, which allows controlling the pattern specifications in space. Adding frequency diversity to the arrays initiates opportunity to control the beams in the Space-Time domain. Frequency Diverse Array (FDA) has a Range-Angle dependent pattern; therefore, the array's spatial and time behavior should be designed simultaneously for optimum performance. Due to the lack of simple array factor formulations for non-regular configurations, array geometry design has not been the primary concern in many current studies. Due to coherency between frequency and spatial distribution in FDAs, the spatial and time behavior of the pattern is correlated. Frequency diversity of the FDA leads to time-variant beam in steering and auto-scanning beam in CW applications. The present study in addition of SLL discusses two important scanning array parameters; the pattern periodicity and stability in each scan round. In this study using some symmetry rules, a straightforward formulation for the array factor is obtained and used to achieve a stable and periodic scanning beam, suggesting a novel joint space-frequency allocation scheme for the FDA. The approach allows the location and frequency of elements to be designed in the frequency-space plane that minimizes the error function, which is defined based on the time and spatial behavior of the array. Using these concepts, two arrays are designed, and their results are compared with other planar configurations. This study paves the way for a new approach to design FDAs.

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Section: Space-frequency Diagram Of Fdamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Formulation For General Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Designing Planar Frequency Diverse Arrays in Space-Frequency Domain

Hasheminasab

Cheldavi²,

kishk³

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The first introduced FDA had linear geometry [7], but later, other studies were carried out on planar configurations [8]. Planner configurations are more attractive for the designers because of the higher gain and directivity that they provide compared to linear configurations [9]. Two critical investigations of planar FDA can be found in [10], [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Joint Frequency Space Design Approach for Efficient Planar Frequency Diverse Arrays

Hasheminasab

Cheldavi

kishk³

2023

Preprint

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Antenna arrays benefit from spatial diversity, which enables the control of the pattern specifications in space. Adding frequency diversity to arrays provides an opportunity to control the beams in the Space-Time domain. Contrary to the conventional arrays, the added frequency diversity in the Frequency Diverse Arrays (FDA) leads to time-variant and range-dependent patterns. The time variation of the pattern affects both steering and auto-scanning applications. The array factor depends coherently on the frequency and spatial distributions of elements, in the same way, the spatial and time behavior of the FDA’s pattern is correlated. Due to this space-frequency coherency, an adjoint spatial-frequency design algorithm is the best approach for controlling the array's spatial and time behaviors. Although Due to the complexity of the array factor formulations in the FDA, the frequency and spatial distribution of the elements has been separately designed. This study proposes an algorithm to concurrently, allocate the location and frequency of the elements for a desired pattern. First, using some symmetry, a straightforward formulation for the array factor is obtained and used to design a symmetrical FDA for a stable and periodic scanning beam. Second, by analyzing the formulations, two important design parameters and some crucial design criteria of the FDA pattern for scanning applications are suggested, and using these parameters a designing algorithm is extracted. The novelty of the proposed approach is the simultaneous design of the location and frequency of the elements in the space-frequency plane, which results in meeting the time and spatial requirement of the pattern. Using this approach, two different planar arrays are designed, and their results are compared with those of other planar configurations. This study paves the way for a new approach to designing FDAs.

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Dot‐shaped transmit beamforming with nonuniform time‐modulated concentric circular frequency diverse array

Yesilyurt,

Arican,

Aksoy

2023

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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In this study, a true three‐dimensional dot‐shaped beamforming, in which the transmitted energy in a spatial region (azimuth, elevation, and range) is focused is performed with the nonuniform time‐modulated concentric circular frequency diverse array (NUTM‐CCFDA). The CCFDA structure with a radially outward increasing frequency offset between the rings has structural symmetry that provides the advantage of full scanning in the azimuth plane without any significant change in beam shape. Moreover, the NUTM, where the antenna elements are simply excited with a different modulation frequency in each ring, uses the in‐phase/quadrature channel modulator to realize a single sideband. The proposed NUTM‐CCFDA structure exhibits efficient beam scanning with the switch time‐on instant without using variable phase shifters to steer the dot‐shaped beam. Thus, NUTM‐CCFDA not only realizes a true dot‐shaped beam with better angle resolution on the first harmonic components but also has a simpler configuration than the conventional frequency diverse arrays with sophisticated variable frequency/phase shifters.

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Dot-Shaped 3D Range-Angle Dependent Beamforming With Discular Frequency Diverse Array

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Designing Planar Frequency Diverse Arrays in Space-Frequency Domain

Designing Planar Frequency Diverse Arrays in Space-Frequency Domain

A Joint Frequency Space Design Approach for Efficient Planar Frequency Diverse Arrays

Dot‐shaped transmit beamforming with nonuniform time‐modulated concentric circular frequency diverse array

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