Double-and triple-depth digging and Anthrosol formation in a medieval and modern-era city (Wrocław, SW Poland). Geoarchaeological research on past horticultural practices

Krupski, Mateusz; Kabała, Cezary; Sady, Agata; Gliński, Radosław; Wojcieszak, Jacek

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2017.01.028

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This has caused a decline in their original agricultural, forest-related, or other natural character. These processes have occurred for hundreds of years and; in many present urban soils, signs of past activity can be found (He and Zhang 2009;Krupski et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of different land uses in urban area on humus quality

2018

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Purpose In urban areas, humus quantity and quality depend less on natural environmental factors than on anthropogenic ones. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of different land use types of urban soils on the properties of soil organic matter (SOM). Materials and methods Thirty-five sites involving four ways of soil use were examined: lawns, allotment gardens, fallows, and arable lands. The study was conducted in Pruszków Town in the Warsaw Agglomeration, Central Poland. Lawns and allotment gardens were located in the central part of the town, whereas fallows and arable lands were in the peripheral zones. Humus horizons, to a depth of 0-20 cm, were analyzed. Using Na-pyrophosphate extraction, we determined the soluble SOM compounds (PY), and the organic matter in the extraction residue, considered as humins (HM). In a separate extraction (with 0.05 M H 2 SO 4 ), low molecular weight (LMW) humus compounds were determined. The quantity of humic acids (HA) precipitated during Na-pyrophosphate extraction was determined as well. A spectroscopic method (UV-Vis) was used to characterize HA properties. The absorption coefficients E4/E6 were calculated based on the results of absorbance measurements involving 465-and 665-nm wavelengths of UV-Vis light. Statistical analyses were performed to find similarities and differences between soils differently used in Pruszków. Results and discussion The dominant part of the humus in the studied soils were humins HMs. There were two times more HM in the central part of the town than that in the peripheral zones. The same observation was made for soluble humus compounds (PY). The amount of LMW fractions was similar in soils of all uses. The degree of humification was small and averaged about 30% for all soils. Fulvic acid (FA) concentrations predominated over HA concentrations in all soils. The least condensed HA occurred in the allotment gardens with an E4/E6 ratio of 5.7, whereas the most condensed HAs were present in soil on arable lands (E4/E6 ratio of 4.7). Conclusions The studies have shown that the type of land use affects humus properties. The main differences were found to be in the quantity of humus compounds. Soils from the central part of the town contained more stable (HM) and soluble (PY) compounds than soils in the outskirts of town. PY compounds were characterized by a simple structure. Fulvic acids (FA) dominated in all of the studied soils (low HA/FA ratio). A high E4/E6 ratio indicates low maturity of humic fractions with low molecular weight compounds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of different land uses in urban area on humus quality

2018

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“…the usefulness for growing plants). Another perspective comes from an ecological approach, where soil can be a basis for every ecosystem, both naturally developed and human made, including those ecosystems considered unproductive or degraded (Jankowski and Bednarek 2000, Krupski et al 2017, Musielok et al 2018. Based on an ecological approach, it is very difficult, if at all possible, to determine the minimum soil contour area (or soil volume), if only cubic centimeters or decimeters of regolith accumulated in a rock crevice may create the basis for unique natural ecosystems (Miechówka and Drewnik 2018;Skiba and Komornicki 1983).…”

Section: The Object Of Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3) -technogenic soils, in the majority correlated with Technosols (WRB2015). The first soil type, culturozems (gleby kulturoziemne), is traditionally distinguished if a thick (>50 cm) hortik or antrik horizon is present, or the soil is deeply mixed (rigosols) (Krupski et al 2017). A new soil type of technogenic soils brings together three previous types of urbanozemic, industriozemic and saline soils (Systematyka gleb Polski 2011).…”

Section: Classification Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Polish Soil Classification, 6th edition – principles, classification scheme and correlations

Kabała

Charzyński

Chodorowski

et al. 2019

Soil Science Annual

132

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The sixth edition of the Polish Soil Classification (SGP6) aims to maintain soil classification in Poland as a modern scientific system that reflects current scientific knowledge, understanding of soil functions and the practical requirements of society. SGP6 continues the tradition of previous editions elaborated upon by the Soil Science Society of Poland in consistent application of quantitatively characterized diagnostic horizons, properties and materials; however, clearly referring to soil genesis. The present need to involve and name the soils created or naturally developed under increasing human impact has led to modernization of the soil definition. Thus, in SGP6, soil is defined as the surface part of the lithosphere or the accumulation of mineral and organic materials permanently connected to the lithosphere (through buildings or permanent constructions), coming from weathering or accumulation processes, originated naturally or anthropogenically, subject to transformation under the influence of soil-forming factors, and able to supply living organisms with water and nutrients. SGP6 distinguishes three hierarchical categories: soil order (nine in total), soil type (basic classification unit; 30 in total) and soil subtype (183 units derived from 62 unique definitions; listed hierarchically, separately in each soil type), supplemented by three non-hierarchical categories: soil variety (additional pedogenic or lithogenic features), soil genus (lithology/parent material) and soil species (soil texture). Non-hierarchical units have universal definitions that allow their application in various orders/types, if all defined requirements are met. The paper explains the principles, classification scheme and rules of SGP6, including the key to soil orders and types, explaining the relationships between diagnostic horizons, materials and properties distinguished in SGP6 and in the recent edition of WRB system as well as discussing the correlation of classification units between SGP6, WRB and Soil Taxonomy.

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“…Information about aggregate structure is useful for soil science researchers' activities. For instance, for characterization of pedogenesis (Musztyfaga & Kabała, ) and microbial activity (Navarro‐García, Ángel Casermeiro, & Schimel, ) and in the investigation of buried soils (Krupski, Kabala, Sady, Gliński, & Wojcieszak, ). Soil aggregate structure is also subject to modelling (Besalatpour, Ayoubi, Hajabbasi, Mosaddeghi, & Schulin, ; Ding & Zhang, ; Makó et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved method for determination of aggregate stability using laser diffraction

et al. 2018

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Soil aggregate water stability is very important from both scientific and practical points of view. This stability is a critical factor in a soil's susceptibility to water erosion and, in turn, land degradation. The most popular measure of soil aggregate stability is the water resistance index (WRI), which is commonly measured using the wet‐sieving method. Using the laser diffraction method in order to observe changes in the median of the particle size distribution and determine soil aggregate stability was first proposed in 2010. However, the method was not suitable for weak aggregates. The aim of this study was to present a measure of aggregate stability using laser diffractometry, aggregate stability index (ASILD). Determination of the ASILD is based on the calculation of the directional coefficient of the straight line interpolated from 2 points: (a) the value calculated as the mean of the lower and upper nominal sieve sizes used for soil aggregate separation and (b) the median of the first measurement after the adding of the dry aggregates into the measuring system of the laser diffractometer. This proposed method for the calculation of the ASILD can be applied to very weak aggregates (i.e., aggregates that, in practice, are not at all water resistant). For weak and moderately stable aggregates, the correlation between ASILD and WRI is higher than 0.9. This method also enables differentiation between the water resistance of aggregates which, by the wet‐sieving method, are indistinguishable (i.e., those which have the maximum WRI).

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Double-and triple-depth digging and Anthrosol formation in a medieval and modern-era city (Wrocław, SW Poland). Geoarchaeological research on past horticultural practices

Cited by 29 publications

References 40 publications

The impact of different land uses in urban area on humus quality

The impact of different land uses in urban area on humus quality

Polish Soil Classification, 6th edition – principles, classification scheme and correlations

An improved method for determination of aggregate stability using laser diffraction

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