Double-stranded RNA virus in Korean Isolate IH-2 of Trichomonas vaginalis

Kim, Jong Wook; Chung, Pyung-Rim; Hwang, Myung Ki; Choi, Eun Young

doi:10.3347/kjp.2007.45.2.87

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our study found that 90% of the fresh isolates were infected with TVVs, confirming the high prevalence observed in previously study that found dsRNA particles in 82% of T. vaginalis isolates in South Africa (Weber et al, 2003). A study conducted in Korea found that only 13.6% of the isolates were infected with TVVs, showing that the infection rate may vary according to geographical location (Kim et al, 2007). Regarding the prevalence of TVVs species, TVV1 was found to be the most prevalent, followed by TVV2, TVV3, and TVV4.…”

supporting

confidence: 94%

High rates of double-stranded RNA viruses and Mycoplasma hominis in Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates in South Brazil

Becker

Santos

Frasson

et al. 2015

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Trichomonas vaginalis is the etiological agent of trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) in world, with 276.4 million new cases each year. T. vaginalis can be naturally infected with Mycoplasma hominis and Trichomonasvirus species. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of T. vaginalis infected with four distinct T. vaginalis viruses (TVVs) and M. hominis among isolates from patients in Porto Alegre city, South Brazil. An additional goal of this study was to investigate whether there is association between metronidazole resistance and the presence of M. hominis during TVV infection. The RNA expression level of the pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) gene was also evaluated among metronidazole-resistant and metronidazole-sensitive T. vaginalis isolates. A total of 530 urine samples were evaluated, and 5.7% samples were positive for T. vaginalis infection. Among them, 4.51% were isolated from female patients and 1.12% were from male patients. Remarkably, the prevalence rates of M. hominis and TVV-positive T. vaginalis isolates were 56.7% and 90%, respectively. Most of the T. vaginalis isolates were metronidazole-sensitive (86.7%), and only four isolates (13.3%) were resistant. There is no statistically significant association between infection by M. hominis and infection by TVVs. Our results refute the hypothesis that the presence of the M. hominis and TVVs is enough to confer metronidazole resistance to T. vaginalis isolates. Additionally, the role of PFOR RNA expression levels in metronidazole resistance as the main mechanism of resistance to metronidazole could not be established. This study is the first report of the T. vaginalis infection by M. hominis and TVVs in a large collection of isolates from South Brazil.

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supporting

confidence: 94%

High rates of double-stranded RNA viruses and Mycoplasma hominis in Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates in South Brazil

Becker

Santos

Frasson

et al. 2015

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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“…Large variability is found in the prevalence values, from 13 to 90% of T. vaginalis isolates harboring TVVs 134139140. The participation of the virus in the virulence of T. vaginalis is under investigation.…”

Section: Pathogenicity - Opening the "Black Box" Of Trichomonas Vaginmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichomoniasis – are we giving the deserved attention to the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide?

Menezes

Frasson

Tasca

2016

MIC

119

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Etiology: Trichomonas vaginalis is the etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the world. Transmission: Trichomoniasis is transmitted by sexual intercourse and transmission via fomites is rare. Epidemiology, incidence and prevalence: The WHO estimates an incidence of 276 million new cases each year and prevalence of 187 million of infected individuals. However, the infection is not notifiable. Pathology/Symptomatology: The T. vaginalis infection results in a variety of clinical manifestations - in most cases the patients are asymptomatic, but some may develop signs typically associated to the disease. Importantly, the main issue concerning trichomoniasis is its relationship with serious health consequences such as cancer, adverse pregnancy outcomes, infertility, and HIV acquisition. Molecular mechanisms of infection: To achieve success in parasitism trichomonads develop a complex process against the host cells that includes dependent- and independent-contact mechanisms. This multifactorial pathogenesis includes molecules such as soluble factors, secreted proteinases, adhesins, lipophosphoglycan that culminate in cytoadherence and cytotoxicity against the host cells. Treatment and curability: The treatment with metronidazole or tinidazole is recommended; however, cure failures remain problematic due to noncompliance, reinfection and/or lack of treatment of sexual partners, inaccurate diagnosis, or drug resistance. Therefore, new therapeutic alternatives are urgently needed. Protection: Strategies for protection including sexual behavior, condom usage, and therapy have not contributed to the decrease on disease prevalence, pointing to the need for innovative approaches. Vaccine development has been hampered by the lack of long-lasting humoral immunity associated to the absence of good animal models.

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“…To screen T. vaginalis isolates for trichomonasviruses, dsRNA extracts from cultured T. vaginalis cells were used to carry out RT-PCR using the Qiagen one-step RT-PCR kit with species-selective screening primers (see Table S1 in the supplemental material), designed from previously reported TVV sequences (5,6,25,40,41,51). The presence of an ϳ500-bp band, which when sequenced showed homology to a known trichomonasvirus sequence, was taken as confirmation for the presence of that species in the T. vaginalis isolate.…”

Section: Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For full-length sequencing of cDNA strands for trichomonasviruses from T. vaginalis isolates UR1 and UH9, various internal fragments of each viral genome were amplified by reverse transcription followed by PCR, using other forward and reverse primers designed from the previously reported TVV sequences (5,6,25,40,41,51). The sequences from both strands of each amplified fragment were then determined in full directly from the PCR products.…”

Section: Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, the near-complete cDNA sequences of only 5 TVV strains (5,6,25,40,41), plus the protein-encoding portions of a sixth strain (51), have been reported to GenBank. Based on these sequences, phylogenetic comparisons have contributed to the recent creation of a new genus in the family Totiviridae, designated Trichomonasvirus, to accommodate these viruses (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis Concurrently Infected by Strains of Up to Four Trichomonasvirus Species (Family Totiviridae)

Goodman

Freret

Kula

et al. 2011

J Virol

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Trichomonas vaginalis, which causes the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease worldwide, is itself commonly infected by nonsegmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses from the genus Trichomonasvirus, family Totiviridae. To date, cDNA sequences of one or more strains of each of three trichomonasvirus species have been reported, and gel electrophoresis showing several different dsRNA molecules obtained from a few T. vaginalis isolates has suggested that more than one virus strain might concurrently infect the same parasite cell. Here, we report the complete cDNA sequences of 3 trichomonasvirus strains, one from each of the 3 known species, infecting a single, agar-cloned clinical isolate of T. vaginalis, confirming the natural capacity for concurrent (in this case, triple) infections in this system. We furthermore report the complete cDNA sequences of 11 additional trichomonasvirus strains, from 4 other clinical isolates of T. vaginalis. These additional strains represent the three known trichomonasvirus species, as well as a newly identified fourth species. Moreover, 2 of these other T. vaginalis isolates are concurrently infected by strains of all 4 trichomonasvirus species (i.e., quadruple infections). In sum, the full-length cDNA sequences of these 14 new trichomonasviruses greatly expand the existing data set for members of this genus and substantiate our understanding of their genome organizations, protein-coding and replication signals, diversity, and phylogenetics. The complexity of this virus-host system is greater than has been previously well recognized and suggests a number of important questions relating to the pathogenesis and disease outcomes of T. vaginalis infections of the human genital mucosa.

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Double-stranded RNA virus in Korean Isolate IH-2 of Trichomonas vaginalis

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

High rates of double-stranded RNA viruses and Mycoplasma hominis in Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates in South Brazil

High rates of double-stranded RNA viruses and Mycoplasma hominis in Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates in South Brazil

Trichomoniasis – are we giving the deserved attention to the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide?

Clinical Isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis Concurrently Infected by Strains of Up to Four Trichomonasvirus Species (Family Totiviridae)

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