Down Syndrome Children, Malocclusion Characteristics and the Need for Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTN): A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to assess the characteristics of malocclusion and determine the orthodontic treatment needs of a group of children with Down syndrome. The study group comprised 23 children aged 10–14 years with Down syndrome who were attending special schools. A clinical examination was performed to measure several parameters that assessed malocclusion as well as classifications based on the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN-DC). When the dental health component (DHC) of the IOTN-DC was considered, results showed that a high percentage of children involved in the current study needed orthodontic treatment (81.9%). Moreover, 59.1% showed Angle’s class-III malocclusion compared to 36.4% who showed class I. However, the differences between the IOTN-DC values for the boys and girls were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The present study has concluded that a higher percentage of children, suffering from Down syndrome, had very severe malocclusion; therefore, treatment can be considered mandatory. Similarly, more than three-fourths of the children with Down syndrome had visited a dental clinic at least once during their life. However, 30.4% of the children’s mothers have mentioned that they had not visited any orthodontic clinic. Therefore, there is a need to develop awareness and knowledge among the parents of children suffering from Down syndrome.

Oral Health Status, Oral Health Behaviors, and Oral Health Care Utilization among Persons with Disabilities in Saudi Arabia

“…Of these, 15 articles were excluded and are listed in Supplementary Table S1 , along with the reasons for their exclusion ( Supplementary Table S1 ). Therefore, 38 studies were included in this review [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. No additional studies were found upon hand searching or searching the gray literature.…”

“…Thirty-five studies were cross-sectional [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 50 , 51 ], one was a longitudinal study [ 45 ], and two were retrospective studies [ 28 , 49 ]. Twenty-two studies were conducted in or near Riyadh [ 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 38 ...…”

“…In 13 studies, the target population was selected from multiple institutions or schools [ 10 , 12 , 13 , 20 , 21 , 26 , 27 , 30 , 33 , 39 , 43 , 44 , 46 ], while in the remaining studies the sample population was either from a single institution or the exact number was not stated. The sample sizes of included studies ranged between 23 and 819 participants [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Overall, 942 participants with Down syndrome, 1070 with autism spectrum disorder, 564 with cerebral palsy, 466 with a visual impairment, 785 with a hearing and/or speech impairment, 656 with intellectual disabilities, 111 with learning disabilities, 30 with epilepsy, 221 that were medically compromised, and 128 with unclassified disabilities we...…”

Análise Morfológica do Arco Dentário de Pacientes com Síndrome de Down sobre um Prisma Ortodôntico: Revisão Integrativa de Literatura / Morphological Analysis of the Dental Arch of Patients with Down Syndrome on an Orthodontic Prism: Integrative Literature Review

“…A Síndrome de Down é definida com uma alteração de origem genética, onde o paciente apresenta um trio de cromossomos 21, o que permite nomear a variação simultaneamente como trissomia do 21 (DORIGUETTO et al, 2019). Análises genéticas evidenciam que a Síndrome de Down possui etiologia relacionada ao binômio óvuloespermatozoides, que formam os gametas, ou o processo de meiose e mitose cromossômica, que ocorre após a fecundação (ALKAWARI, 2021). O desenvolvimento da síndrome, em uma análise genética, dá-se por três fatores definidos como: trissomia livre do cromossomo 21, translocação entre o cromossomo 21-14, ou 21-22 e em decorrência do desenvolvimento de um mosaico cromossômico (AGHIMIEN; AJAYI; IZE-IYAMU, 2021).…”

“…O autor ressalta que a pseudomacroglossia somado a hipotonia lingual gera o deslocamento dos dentes e da mandíbula. Para Pacurar et al (2018) o agravamento das más oclusões relaciona-se com as combinações entre o retardo do crescimento craniofacial, a disfunção motora e oral, além da hipotonicidade muscular oral generalizada, que levam ao agravamento da condição, porém para Alkawari (2021) pode haver o pseudo classe III entre esses pacientes que apresentam alterações posturais na língua.Aghimien; Ajayi , Ize-iyamu (2021);Sandeepa et al(2021) eAlkawari (2021) entram em concordância quanto ao método de intervenção precoce. Para os autores é possível utilizar a técnica de Expansão Rápida da Maxila (ERM), realizada através de disjuntores fixos, que tende a promover o aumento do espaço interno da cavidade bucal, tendo em vista a capacidade de regularizar atresias maxilares, além de mordidas cruzadas posteriores.…”