Downsizing and the use of timber as embodied carbon reduction strategies for new-build housing: A partial life cycle assessment

Souaid, Cynthia; ten Caat, Pieter Nick; Meijer, Arjen; Visscher, Henk

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111285

Building and Environment

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111285

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Downsizing and the use of timber as embodied carbon reduction strategies for new-build housing: A partial life cycle assessment

Cynthia Souaid,

Pieter Nick ten Caat,

Arjen Meijer

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

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Quantifying the life cycle emissions of hybrid structures with advanced bio- and conventional materialization for low-embodied carbon urban densification of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area

Migoni Alejandre,

Koskamp,

van de Leur

et al. 2024

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Quantifying the life cycle emissions of hybrid structures with advanced bio- and conventional materialization for low-embodied carbon urban densification of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area

Migoni Alejandre,

Koskamp,

van de Leur

et al. 2024

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Whole-life greenhouse gas emission reduction and removal strategies for buildings: Impacts and diffusion potentials across EU Member States

Alaux,

Marton,

Steinmann

et al. 2024

Journal of Environmental Management

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Chinese Household Carbon Footprint: Structural Differences, Influencing Factors, and Emission Reduction Strategies Analysis

Fu,

An,

Huang

et al. 2024

Buildings

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The wide variation in household characteristics, such as household size, income, and age, can lead to significant differences in carbon footprints. Based on data from 1132 Chinese households in 2021, this study examines the structural differences, multiple influencing factors, and mitigation strategies of household carbon footprints (HCFs) in China. The results indicate that indirect emissions, primarily from energy and food consumption, account for the largest share of household carbon footprints, making up over 65% of total emissions. Households with lower carbon footprints are characterized by a per capita living area of less than 20 square meters, rural residences, and shared living arrangements. Carbon footprints for the elderly and minors are lower than adults, while households with higher monthly incomes have the highest carbon footprints. The Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) reveals that the main factors influencing HCF include household size, income, and single status, with a more pronounced impact on affluent households than on average households. High-income households have the potential to reduce their carbon footprints through investments in energy-efficient technologies, whereas low-income households are more susceptible to the effects of household size and geographic location. It is recommended that policymakers adopt differentiated measures, such as setting higher reduction targets for larger and wealthier households while providing incentives and technical support to low-income households to achieve meaningful carbon reductions. More effective and equitable low-carbon policies can be formulated by addressing these structural disparities and leveraging the unique characteristics of different household types.

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Downsizing and the use of timber as embodied carbon reduction strategies for new-build housing: A partial life cycle assessment

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

Quantifying the life cycle emissions of hybrid structures with advanced bio- and conventional materialization for low-embodied carbon urban densification of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area

Quantifying the life cycle emissions of hybrid structures with advanced bio- and conventional materialization for low-embodied carbon urban densification of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area

Whole-life greenhouse gas emission reduction and removal strategies for buildings: Impacts and diffusion potentials across EU Member States

Chinese Household Carbon Footprint: Structural Differences, Influencing Factors, and Emission Reduction Strategies Analysis

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