Downspeeding and Supercharging a Diesel Passenger Car for Increased Fuel Economy

Ostrowski, Gregory; Neely, Gary D.; Chadwell, Christopher; Mehta, Darius; Wetzel, Philip

doi:10.4271/2012-01-0704

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Downsizing (using high boost pressure for shifting the operation of the engine to higher loads) has been the dominant trend in engine design in recent years, and provides a direct improvement in the mechanical efficiency of the engine. At the same time, downspeeding also has a significant fuel saving potential due to the reduction of the friction power [51], while cylinder deactivation techniques may be used for saving the pumping work when operating at low engine load. Finally, significant advancements have been also achieved in friction optimized design, and the use of light-weight materials and low-friction surface finishing.…”

Section: Mechanical Losses Abatementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Challenging Future for the IC Engine: New Technologies and the Control Role

Payri

Lujan

Guardiola

et al. 2014

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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-New regulations on pollutants and, specially, on CO 2 emissions could restrict the use of the internal combustion engine in automotive applications. This paper presents a review of different technologies under development for meeting such regulations, ranging from new combustion concepts to advanced boosting methods and after-treatment systems. Many of them need an accurate control of the operating conditions and, in many cases, they impose demanding requirements at a system integration level. In this framework, engine control disciplines will be key for the implementation and development of the next generation engines, taking profit of recent advancements in models, methods and sensors. According to authors' opinion, the internal combustion engine will still be the dominant technology in automotive applications for the next decades.Re´sume´-Un challenge pour le futur du moteur a`combustion interne : nouvelles technologies et roˆle du controˆle moteur -Les nouvelles normes sur les e´missions, en particulier le CO 2 , pourraient re´duire l'utilisation du moteur a`combustion interne pour les ve´hicules. Cet article pre´sente une revue de diffe´rentes technologies en cours de de´veloppement afin de respecter ces normes, depuis de nouveaux concepts de combustion jusqu'a`des syste`mes avance´s de suralimentation ou de post-traitement. La plupart de ces technologies demande un controˆle pre´cis des conditions de fonctionnement et impose souvent de fortes contraintes lors de l'inte´gration des syste`mes. Dans ce contexte et en profitant des dernie`res avance´es dans les mode`les, les me´thodes et les capteurs, le controˆle moteur jouera un roˆle clef dans la mise en oeuvre et le de´veloppement de la prochaine ge´ne´ration de moteurs. De l'avis des auteurs, le moteur ac ombustion interne restera la technologie dominante pour les ve´hicules des prochaines de´cennies.

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Section: Mechanical Losses Abatementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Challenging Future for the IC Engine: New Technologies and the Control Role

Payri

Lujan

Guardiola

et al. 2014

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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“…69 There are two approaches currently in the literature that utilise steady-state engine look-up maps to simulate the driving-cycle fuel economy including the engine-level consolidated point methodology and the vehicle-level kinematic mode.…”

Section: Modelling Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on and potential trends for mechanically supercharging a downsized passenger car engine:a review

Turner

Akehurst

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Engine downsizing is a proven approach for achieving a superior fuel efficiency. It is conventionally achieved by reducing the swept volume of the engine and by employing some means of increasing the specific output to achieve the desired installed engine power, usually in the form of an exhaust-driven turbocharger. However, because of the perceptible time needed for the turbocharger system to generate the required boost pressure, a characteristic of turbocharged engines is their degraded driveability in comparison with those of their naturally aspirated counterparts. Mechanical supercharging refers to the technology that compresses the intake air using the energy taken directly from the engine crankshaft. It is anticipated that engine downsizing which is realised either solely by a supercharger or by a combination of a supercharger and a turbocharger will enhance a vehicle's driveability without significantly compromising the fuel consumption at an engine level compared with the downsizing by turbocharging. The capability of the supercharger system to eliminate the high exhaust back pressure, to reduce the pulsation interference and to mitigate the surge issue of a turbocharged engine in a compound-charging system offsets some of the fuel consumption penalty incurred in driving the supercharger. This, combined with an optimised down-speeding strategy, can further improve the fuel efficiency performance of a downsized engine while still enhancing its driveability and performance at a vehicle level. This paper first reviews the fundamentals and the types of supercharger that are currently used, or have been used, in passenger car engines. Next, the relationships between the downsizing, the driveability and the down-speeding are introduced to identify the improved synergies between the engine and the boosting machine. Then, mass production and prototype downsized supercharged passenger car engines are briefly described, followed by a detailed review of the current stateof-the-art supercharging technologies that are in production as opposed to the approaches that are currently only being investigated at a research level. Finally, the trends for mechanically supercharging a passenger car engine are discussed, with the aim of identifying potential development directions for the future. Enhancement of the low-end torque, improvement in the transient driveability and reduction in low-load parasitic losses are the three main development directions for a supercharger system, among which the adoption of a continuously variable transmission to decouple the supercharger speed from the engine speed, improvement of the compressor isentropic and volumetric efficiency and innovation of the supercharger mechanism seem to be the potential trend for mechanically supercharging a passenger car engine.

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“…Downsizing will move the data distribution in the figure towards smaller bore and higher power density. Down-speeding (Mayer et al, 1982;ostrowski et al, 2012;Keidel et al, 2012) can reduce BSFC via reduced engine delta P, increased load factor, and reduced mechanical friction. The turbine area may need to be downsized in some down-speeding strategy and therefore it may increase engine delta P and offset the gain in pumping loss reduction to a certain extent.…”

Section: 6mentioning

confidence: 98%