Downstream processing of lignin derived feedstock into end products

Abstract

<p>This review provides critical analysis on various downstream processes to convert lignin derived feedstock into fuels, chemicals and materials.</p>

Selectively Upgrading Lignin Derivatives to Carboxylates through Electrochemical Oxidative C(OH)−C Bond Cleavage by a Mn‐Doped Cobalt Oxyhydroxide Catalyst

“…A significant issue for lignin valorization is downstream processing of lignin‐derived products to commercial commodities, with the advancements in lignin fractionation [22] . For example, selective oxidation has been demonstrated to be an effective route for lignin fractionation (Figure 6 a), leading to heterogenous portfolio of molecules include aromatic ketones, aldehydes, and acids featuring C α (O)‐R (R=H, OH, C(O)Me, CH 3 , C 2 H 5 ) [3] .…”

“…As ignificant issue for lignin valorization is downstream processing of lignin-derived products to commercial commodities,with the advancements in lignin fractionation. [22] For example,selective oxidation has been demonstrated to be an effective route for lignin fractionation (Figure 6a), leading to heterogenous portfolio of molecules include aromatic ketones,a ldehydes,a nd acids featuring C a (O)-R (R = H, OH, C(O)Me,C H 3 ,C 2 H 5 ). [3] However,t he purification of these chemicals with similar property remains ahuge challenge.In this context, we demonstrated the convergent transformation of amixture composed of 11 kinds of aromatic substrates (1-7, 13, 14, 16, 17,asshown in Figure 5) with benzylic C a (OH)-R or C a (O)-R motifs using our electrochemical strategy.A s shown in Figure 6b,t hese lignin models with different functional groups are convergently transformed into benzoate with 91.5 %y ield.…”

New (and Old) Monomers from Biorefineries to Make Polymer Chemistry More Sustainable

“…In this regard, biorefinery is refining/upgrading the renewable feedstocks (biomass, ideally nonedible lignocellulosic biomass) to yield commodity chemicals and possibly a biofuel by means of chemical and biological conversion technologies. [ 3–12 ]…”

Production of Aromatic Compounds by Catalytic Depolymerization of Technical and Downstream Biorefinery Lignins

“…Lignin is a very complex natural amorphous polymer, mainly composed of three different phenylpropanoid units: p-coumaryl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol and coniferyl alcohol [ 1 , 2 ]. In spite of the relatively simple structure of these three monomeric units, their layout is highly complex, conforming an intricate tridimensional structure of distinct and chemically different motifs and natural alternative monomers as a consequence of their random radical polymerization [ 3 ].…”