“…Among beneficial bacteria, Bacillus species are widely used for their beneficial effects on immunity and health and have been reported to be promising probiotics for Nile tilapia ( O. niloticus ) ( 45 , 46 , 48 ). Members of the genus Bacillus are well known for their ability to produce numerous antimicrobial peptides such as the polyketides difficidin, subtilin, subtilosin A, bacillibactin, macrolactin, surfactin, bacilysin, bacillaene, and fengycin, which can protect host organisms through the induction of systemic resistance by inducing the production of stress-related metabolites and the expression of stress response genes ( 49 – 51 ). The potential effects of beneficial Bacillus spp.…”