Draft Genome Sequence of Rhodococcus rhodnii Strain LMG5362, a Symbiont of
            <i>Rhodnius prolixus</i>
            (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae), the Principle Vector of Trypanosoma cruzi

Pachebat, Justin A.; Keulen, Geertje van; Whitten, Miranda M. A.; Girdwood, Susan Elizabeth; Sol, Ricardo Del; Dyson, Paul; Facey, Paul D.

doi:10.1128/genomea.00329-13

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Several genes for the biosynthesis of natural products have been identified in the genome of R . rhodnii such as polyketide and fatty acid synthases, nonribosomal peptide synthases, phytoene, carotenoid and vitamin B synthases [ 71 ]. The genome of the Actinobacteria Wigglesworthia , a tsetse fly obligate symbiont, has genes related to the biosynthesis of chorismic and folic acids and phenylalanine [ 72 ], which may affect host physiology and vector competence to trypanosomes [ 73 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-collected Triatoma sordida from central Brazil display high microbiota diversity that varies with regard to developmental stage and intestinal segmentation

et al. 2018

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Background/MethodologyTriatomine bugs are the vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease. Vector control has for decades relied upon insecticide spraying, but insecticide resistance has recently emerged in several triatomine populations. One alternative strategy to reduce T. cruzi transmission is paratransgenesis, whereby symbiotic bacteria are genetically engineered to produce T. cruzi-killing proteins in the vector’s gut. This approach requires in-depth knowledge of the vectors’ natural gut microbiota. Here, we use metagenomics (16S rRNA 454 pyrosequencing) to describe the gut microbiota of field-caught Triatoma sordida–likely the most common peridomestic triatomine in Brazil. For large nymphs (4th and 5th stage) and adults, we also studied separately the three main digestive-tract segments–anterior midgut, posterior midgut, and hindgut.Principal findingsBacteria of four phyla (12 genera) were present in both nymphs (all five stages) and adults, thus defining T. sordida’s ‘bacterial core’: Actinobacteria (Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Dietzia, Gordonia, Nitriliruptor, Nocardia, Nocardiopsis, Rhodococcus, and Williamsia), Proteobacteria (Pseudomonas and Sphingobium), and Firmicutes (Staphylococcus). We found some clear differences in bacterial composition and relative abundance among development stages; overall, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria increased, but Actinobacteria decreased, through development. Finally, the bacterial microbiotas of the bugs’ anterior midgut, posterior midgut, and hindgut were sharply distinct.Conclusions/SignificanceOur results identify the ‘bacterial core set’ of T. sordida and reveal important gut microbiota differences among development stages–particularly between 1st–3rd stage nymphs and adults. Further, we show that, within any given development stage, the vectors’ gut cannot be regarded as a single homogeneous environment. Cultivable, non-pathogenic ‘core’ bacterial species may now be tested as candidates for paratransgenic control of T. cruzi transmission by T. sordida.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-collected Triatoma sordida from central Brazil display high microbiota diversity that varies with regard to developmental stage and intestinal segmentation

et al. 2018

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“…ingesting feces) first instar nymphs [142]. The genome of Rhodococcus ( R. rhodnii ) housed in R. prolixus encodes several B vitamin biosynthesis genes, including those involved in the production of thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenate (B5), pyridoxal (B6), biotin (B7), tetrahydrofolate (B9) and cobalamin (B12) [143]. R. prolixus that lack R. rhodnii die prematurely during early nymphal development [142] and the obligate nature of this symbiosis is likely either a function of bacterial vitamin supplementation or being digested by the host, with various cellular components providing deficient nutrients [142, 144, 145] .…”

Section: Symbiont Nutrient Contributions To Lice Tick and Reduviid Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grandeur Alliances: Symbiont Metabolic Integration and Obligate Arthropod Hematophagy

Rio

Attardo

Weiss

2016

Trends in Parasitology

105

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Several arthropod taxa live exclusively on vertebrate blood. This food source lacks essential metabolites required for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, and as such, these arthropods have formed symbioses with nutrient-supplementing microbes that facilitate their host’s ‘hematophagous’ feeding ecology. Herein we highlight metabolic contributions of bacterial symbionts that reside within tsetse flies, bed bugs, lice, reduviid bugs and ticks, with specific emphasis on B vitamin and cofactor biosynthesis. Importantly, these arthropods can transmit pathogens of medical and veterinary relevance and/or cause infestations that induce psychological and dermatological distress. Microbial metabolites, and the biochemical pathways that generate them, can serve as specific targets of novel control mechanisms aimed at disrupting the metabolism of hematophagous arthropods, thus combatting pest invasion and vector-borne pathogen transmission.

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“…To our knowledge, it is not clear whether Oncopeltus displays essential symbionts for its development, while Rhodnius also displays an obligatory symbiont Rhodococcus rhodnii, which is transmitted from adult to offspring by coprophagy. Absence of Rhodococcus leads to premature death during nymphal development, but vertical transmission seems not be the case (Brecher and Wigglesworth, 1944;Mesquita et al, 2015;Pachebat et al, 2013). Modulation of immune system after blood feeding has been an active area of research in Rhodnius.…”

Section: H E M Ip T E R a Sp E C I E S F O R D E Ve Lop M E Nt Al Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodnius prolixus: From classical physiology to modern developmental biology

Fonseca

Berni

Tobias-Santos

et al. 2017

Genesis

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The hemiptera Rhodnius prolixus is a blood-feeding insect and a primary vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of the Chagas disease. Over the past century, Rhodnius has been the subject of intense investigations, which have contributed to unveil important aspects of metabolism and physiology in insects. Recent technological innovations are helping dissect the genetic and molecular underpinnings of Rhodnius embryogenesis and organogenesis, thus fostering the use of this important species in the fields of developmental and evolutionary biology. Rhodnius represents also an excellent system to study development under stressful conditions, since the embryo must develop in the presence of a large amount of blood-derived reactive oxygen species. With a recently sequenced genome, small among other Hemiptera, and the identification of basic elements for all classical development pathways, functional studies in this species are revealing novel aspects of insect development and evolution. Here we review early studies on this model insect and how this paved the way for recent functional studies using the kissing bug.

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Draft Genome Sequence of Rhodococcus rhodnii Strain LMG5362, a Symbiont of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae), the Principle Vector of Trypanosoma cruzi

Cited by 32 publications

References 8 publications

Field-collected Triatoma sordida from central Brazil display high microbiota diversity that varies with regard to developmental stage and intestinal segmentation

Field-collected Triatoma sordida from central Brazil display high microbiota diversity that varies with regard to developmental stage and intestinal segmentation

Grandeur Alliances: Symbiont Metabolic Integration and Obligate Arthropod Hematophagy

Rhodnius prolixus: From classical physiology to modern developmental biology

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