Dreams and Demography

Winget, Carolyn; Kramer, Milton; Whitman, Roy M.

doi:10.1177/07067437720176s232

Cited by 59 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The frequencies in our population study [51] are similar to what Hall and Van de Castle [9] reported from their study of college age dreamers. The differences from Hall-Van de Castle may be attributable to the population study having shorter dreams and a wider age range.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The major organizer of dream content is the sex of the dreamer. We found [51] very few dream content differences related to the race or marital status of the dreamer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The validity of dream reports is further demonstrated in our finding of content differences, where we believed that there were psychological differences, e.g., for demographic variables, e.g., gender, age, marital status, and social class [51] and mental illnesses variables, e.g., schizophrenia and major depression [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…There are group differences among demographic variables, namely, sex, age social class, race, and marital status [51]. The major organizer of dream content is the sex of the dreamer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Talmud says that the meaning of the dream follows its interpretation. The evidence that dreams are orderly is: (1) the organization of dreams across REM periods [20]; (2) the difference in dream content in each REM period of the night; (3) the differences in dream content night to night within an individual [23]; (4) the correlation of dream content night to night within an individual [31]; (5) the differences in dream content among individuals whether normal or mentally ill [23]; and (6) the differences in dream content among groups based on demographic variables [51] and mental illness (schizophrenia and depression) [18,27,28]. That dreams are structured and show differences, where psychological differences are known to exist lends credence to the possibility dreams will have meaning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Approach to Understanding Dreams

Kramer

2017

Sleep Vigilance

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The dream exists as an experience extended in time which can be captured in the dream report as an excellent approximation of the experience. Dreams can be adequately collected and reliably measured. Dream reports are both stable and variable across time. Dream reports show meaningful content differences in group and individual situations, where psychological differences are known to exist. Dreams and waking life are linked and dreams are responsive to the immediate emotional concern of the dreamer. The dream is sufficiently orderly that the search for its meaning is justified. Methods exist to establish the meaning of the dream experience working with the dreamer through associations or amplification. A method ''Dream Translation'' is described in which the meaning of the dream report is explored using the associations of the translator rather than the dreamers. The translation approach could be used by the clinician to assess whether the patient has improved and to establish the immediate current emotional concern of the patient at the initial contact or at points of block in the therapy. Although the dream report has the necessary characteristics to establish a meaning from it and a method exists to establish the meaning, this does not address the possible functional significance of dreaming. We have explored the dream function question in a monograph on the subject (Moffitt et al., The functions of dreaming. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993).

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The major organizer of dream content is the sex of the dreamer. We found [51] very few dream content differences related to the race or marital status of the dreamer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…There are group differences among demographic variables, namely, sex, age social class, race, and marital status [51]. The major organizer of dream content is the sex of the dreamer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Approach to Understanding Dreams

Kramer

2017

Sleep Vigilance

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Differences in the Manifest Dream Content of Anglo‐American, Mexican‐American, and African‐American College Women

Kane

1994

J Multicult Couns & Deve

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This study compares the manifest dream content of African‐American college women with that of their Anglo‐American and Mexican‐American peers. The dream elements examined are characters, emotions, environmental press, achievement outcomes, and social interactions that are aggressive, friendly, or sexual. The results show a statistically significant difference on only one measure: environmental press. That is, the dreams of African Americans reveal a significantly stronger perception of themselves as victims of their fate rather than directors of it.

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