Muons from cosmic-ray interactions in the atmosphere provide a high-statistics source of particles that can be used to study the performance and calibration of the AT-LAS detector. Cosmic-ray muons can penetrate to the cavern and deposit energy in all detector subsystems. Such events have played an important role in the commissioning of the detector since the start of the installation phase in 2005 and were particularly important for understanding the detector performance in the time prior to the arrival of the first LHC beams. Global cosmic-ray runs were undertaken in both 2008 and 2009 and these data have been used through to the early phases of collision data-taking as a tool for calibration, alignment and detector monitoring. These large datasets have also been used for detector performance studies, including investigations that rely on the combined performance of different subsystems. This paper presents the results of performance studies related to combined tracking, lepton identification and the reconstruction of jets and missing transverse energy. Results are compared to expectations based on a cosmic-ray event generator and a full simulation of the detector response.
IntroductionThe ATLAS detector [1] was constructed to provide excellent physics performance in the difficult environment of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN [2], which will collide protons at center-of-mass energies up to 14 TeV, with unprecedented luminosity. It is designed to be sensitive to any experimental signature that might be associated with physics at this new high-energy frontier. This includes precision measurements of high p T leptons and jets, as well as large transverse-energy imbalances attributable to the production of massive weakly interacting particles. Such particles are predicted in numerous theories of physics beyond e-mail: atlas.secretariat@cern.ch the Standard Model, for example those invoking weak-scale supersymmetry or the existence of large extra dimensions.Prior to the start of data-taking, understanding of the expected performance of individual subsystems relied on beam test results and on detailed GEANT4 [3,4] simulations [5], including the modeling of inactive material both in the detector components and in the detector services and support structure. While extensive beam testing provided a great deal of information about the performance of the individual detector subsystems, a detailed understanding of the full detector could only be achieved after the system was in place and physics signals could be used for performance studies and for validation or tuning of the simulation.In both 2008 and 2009 the ATLAS detector collected large samples of cosmic-ray events. These extended periods of operation allowed for the training of shift crews, the exercising of the trigger and data acquisition systems as well as of other infrastructure such as the data-handling system, reconstruction software, and tools for hardware and data-quality monitoring. The large data samples accumulated have also been used f...