Drinking water quality and occurrence of waterborne diseases in Imo state, Nigeria

Iwuala, C. C.; Udujih, O.G.; Udujih, H. I.

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.3907

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Coliforms isolated in this study belonged to the genera Enterobacter and Klebsiella. Similar organisms have been reported in previous studies on water in Nigeria and outside Nigeria (Okonko et al, 2008;Prasanna and Reddy, 2009;Olaoye and Onilude, 2009;Oladipo et al, 2009;Oyedeji et al, 2010;Iwuala et al, 2018). Coliforms count is a hygienic indicator and high coliform counts generally indicates unsanitary condition or poor hygiene practices.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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Risk of Faecal Contamination of Water Used by Food Vendors in Owerri Munipality, Imo State Nigeria

Chigbo

2023

ejtas

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Assessment of faecal contamination of water is a key factor in assessing the quality and safety of food. It also reveals the level of hygiene adopted by food handlers in the course of preparation and serving of such foods. This study assessed the risk of microbial contamination of water used by food vendors in Owerri munipality, Imo State Nigeria between January-December 2019 with an emphasis on total coliforms and the faecal coliforms/ faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) – Escherichia coli (E. coli) and thermotolerant coliforms (TTC). One hundred and thirty water samples collected across three vending types (street vendors, high level and low level restaurants) were evaluated for microbial contamination using standard methods. Data obtained was statistically analyzed with p-value set at 0.05 significance level. The result identified Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. The result showed that 48.46% (63) of the 130 water samples examined were contaminated with coliform bacteria, of which 20 (22.22%) samples had faecal coliform bacteria, representing 10.77% of the entire water samples examined. Of the 64 samples from water used for food preparation, 12.50% (8) had faecal coliform bacteria as against 9.09% (6) of 66 samples collected from water offered to customers for drinking. The result showed that 116 (89.23%) of the 130 water samples recorded no faecal coliform contamination, hence they were considered excellent based on the guidelines for determination of faecal contamination of water. Two samples had faecal coliform counts of 1-3 per 100 ml of water accounting for 1.54% of water samples, which is considered Satisfactory. The result revealed suspicious (4-9 per 100 ml) coliform count in 9 (6.92%) water samples, while three water samples (2.31%) had ≥10 count and are classified as unsatisfactory. The result revealed that 89.23% (116) of the examined water samples were of ‘no risk’ to the public, which was significantly higher than 8.46% (11) and 2.31% (3) recognized as being of low and intermediate risk respectively (p <0.05). High and very high risk water samples were not encountered in the study. This trend in qualification of risk of water samples reflected in the two types of water usages, and the observed differences was however not statistically significant (p>0.05).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Iwuala et al (2018) reported the presence of Enterobacter spp, Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, in addition to Salmonella spp and Proteus mirabilis in drinking water sources in Okigwe, Orlu and Owerri zones of Imo state. This also aligns with the findings…”

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Risk of Faecal Contamination of Water Used by Food Vendors in Owerri Munipality, Imo State Nigeria

Chigbo

2023

ejtas

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Impact and interventions of waterborne and foodborne illnesses caused by bacterial pathogens in Nigeria: A review

Okafor

2024

Food Health

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Waterborne and foodborne illnesses caused by bacterial pathogens are major public health concerns, especially in developing countries like Nigeria—waterborne pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Klebsiella spp. Contribute to the spread of health challenges, primarily due to poor sanitation, contaminated drinking water, and inadequate hygiene. Similarly, foodborne pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp., are major causes of human illness, with animal-based foods often acting as transmission vectors. This review examines the current state of diagnosis, highlighting that most household water sources in Nigeria are vulnerable to contamination, with significant microbial loads exceeding WHO standards. It raises the need for effective interventions such as improved hygiene practices, water supply, sanitation and food safety management systems. Furthermore, this review discusses the impact of these pathogens on public health, noting that waterborne and foodborne diseases result in substantial mortality and economic burdens. Also, implementing good hygienic practices, Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems, and public health education are essential strategies for reducing the incidence of these diseases. This review concludes by calling for a collaborative effort among governments, policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers to develop and implement multifaceted interventions to combat these pervasive health threats.

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Drinking water quality and occurrence of waterborne diseases in Imo state, Nigeria

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Risk of Faecal Contamination of Water Used by Food Vendors in Owerri Munipality, Imo State Nigeria

Risk of Faecal Contamination of Water Used by Food Vendors in Owerri Munipality, Imo State Nigeria

Impact and interventions of waterborne and foodborne illnesses caused by bacterial pathogens in Nigeria: A review

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