Drivers of moderate increase in cooling energy use in residential buildings in Hong Kong

Jia, Jie; Lee, Wai Ling

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.04.064

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…On the other hand, floor areas higher than 100 m 2 , the use of electricity as the main source in space and water heating are dwelling factors that strongly affect the electrical energy consumption. Jia and Lee 2016 [5] identify the factors and drivers responsible for the increase in cooling energy consumption in residential buildings between 2004 and 2013 examining 64 dwellings in Hong Kong. Authors found the increase of population as a key element.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heating and cooling energy trends and drivers in Europe

Serrano

Ürge-Vorsatz

Barreneche

et al. 2017

Energy

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This paper aims to complete and complement the information available on the past trends of thermal energy consumption in residential buildings and its drivers for Europe, as a continent and for the different countries. This paper follows the drivers identified in a previous one for the heating and cooling energy consumption, decomposing this energy demand into key drivers based on a Kaya identity approach: number of households, persons per household, floor space per capita and specific energy consumption for residential heating and cooling. Results show that all drivers did follow a consistent trend at global, regional and country level during the studied period of time, but the heating and cooling energy consumption did not follow the same trend if it was considered at global, regional or country level, showing that the energy consumption is very much influenced by all its drivers and does not follow the same trend as the specific energy consumption. Moreover, similar trends for each indicator can be found when evaluated at country or regional level, therefore as expected when aggregating data trends can be seen but details and particularities (both for the different countries and for the different studied years) are lost.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heating and cooling energy trends and drivers in Europe

Serrano

Ürge-Vorsatz

Barreneche

et al. 2017

Energy

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“…More importantly, the standards and specifications in BEAM Plus regarding thermal performances of building envelopes and air-conditioning units are inexplicit and the criteria are described ambiguously and the expected outcomes are not well-defined. 46 Another example is a voluntary agreement target on shopping malls to adjust the air-conditioning thermostat to 25.5°C for energy saving, since usually the shopping malls in Hong Kong set up very low temperatures. 47 Their research reveals that the enterprises with higher compliance costs would prefer not to comply the energy saving agreement, and they would not be punished due to the voluntary nature.…”

Section: Discussion and Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between energy consumption and gross domestic product in Hong Kong (1992–2015): Evidence from sectoral analysis and implications on future energy policy

Zhang

Shen

et al. 2019

Energy & Environment

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The causal relationship between energy consumption and gross domestic product in Hong Kong from 1992 to 2015 is investigated in this study. Different from the previous studies focusing on the causal relationship between total energy consumption and total gross domestic product per capita, this study further investigates the causal relationship from sectoral perspective, including residential, commercial, industrial and transportation sectors. For each sector, the time series data of sectoral energy consumption and sectoral per capita value added are collected. To conduct the Granger causality test, the unit root test is first applied to analyse the stationarity of time series. The cointegration test is then employed to examine whether causal relationship exists in long-term. Finally, based on the aforementioned tests, both vector error correction model and vector autoregression model can be selected to determine the Granger causality between time series. It is interesting to find that the sectoral energy consumption and corresponding sectoral per capita value-added exhibit quite different causal relationships. For both residential sector and commercial sectors, a unidirectional causal relationship is found running from the sectoral per capita value added to sectoral energy consumption. Oppositely, for industrial sector and transportation sector, a unidirectional causal relationship is found running from sectoral energy consumption to sectoral per capita value added. Regarding the Granger causality test results, the indicative suggestions on energy conservation policies, energy efficiency policies and greenhouse gas emission reduction policies are discussed based on the background of Hong Kong’s economic structure and fuel types.

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“…Examples of the major energy consumption sources in residential buildings include air-conditioning, lighting, and household electric equipment ( Jia & Lee, 2016 ; Wan & Yik, 2004 ). Hong Kong's public residential buildings are ventilated both naturally and by air-conditioning.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the floor plan, it was believed that each residential unit in the modelled building could house 4 people, with the master bedroom accommodating 2 people, and each bedroom accommodating 1 person. Riding on technology development and improving coefficient of performance (COP) of air-conditioners in newer models ( Jia & Lee, 2016 ), this study's model assumed a Hong Kong Energy Label Grade 1 air-conditioner with COP 3.4 to be used in the living room, master bedroom and bedroom. The air-conditioner was also set to operate only from April to October, while the rooms were ventilated naturally in the remaining months.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%