Drought tolerance in rice: morphological and molecular genetic consideration

Abstract

Rice is one of the most important food crop drastically affected by drought in lowland rice ecosystem. Dissecting out the traits of importance and genomic regions influencing the response of drought tolerance and yield traits on grain yield will aid the breeders to know the genetic mechanism of drought tolerance of rice leads to the development of drought tolerant varieties. Grain yield and its components on drought situation of recombinant inbred population (IR 58821/IR 52561) were investigated under lowland managed stress situation in 2003 and 2004 by given importance to the relative water content. Water deficit resulted in significant effect on phenology and grain yield. Best lines were selected for further varietal development programme. Variability studies showed the traits viz., days to 70% relative water content, leaf rolling, leaf drying, harvest index, biomass yield and grain yield offer high scope for improvement for drought tolerance by way of simple selection technique. Correlation and path analysis indicated that, to harness high yielding combined with drought tolerance breeders should give selection pressure on relative water content, panicle length, grains per panicle, harvest index, biomass yield, root/shoot ratio and root length in positive direction, and low scores of leaf rolling, leaf drying and drought recovery rate. Analysis of quantitative trait loci for drought tolerance, yield and its components allowed the identification of 38 regions associated with both drought tolerant and yield traits. Out of these, 18 were closely linked with DNA markers could be used for marker assisted selection in breeding for drought tolerance in rice. Pleiotropism and G · E effects interaction were noticed in some of the traits. Parent IR 58821 contributed favorable alleles for the entire drought related and most of the yield component traits. Identification of traits of Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006importance and their nature of relationship by morphological and molecular level under lowland condition will be useful to improve drought tolerance of rice.

Effect of Drought Stress and its Mechanism in Plants

“…However, in rice, drought stress during the vegetative stage greatly reduced the plant growth and development ( Fig. 1; Tripathy et al 2000. Manikavelu et al, 2006.Farooq et al 2009).…”

Effect of Drought Stress on the Morphological and Physiological Characterization of the Indian Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotype

“…Mean of them were shown in (Table 1) (Farooq et al, 2009). Water shortage at critical growth stages such as crown root initiation, tillering, booting, anthesis and grain filling has deleterious effects on plant growth, development and economic yield of wheat (Khan, 2003;Manikavelu et al, 2006). …”

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“…(Sulmon et al 2015). Among all, leaf rolling, leaf drying, harvest index, biomass yield, relative water content, panicle length, grains per panicle, grain yield, root/shoot ratio and root length offer high scope for improvement for drought tolerance by way of simple selection technique (Manickavelu et al 2006). Hungary is one of the northernmost countries for rice growing in Europe; therefore optimal sowing date and cold tolerance are important factors of successful rice production in the relatively short growing season (Gombos and DOI: 10.18380/SZIE.COLUM.2017.4.1.suppl Simon-Kiss 2008).…”