“…The large number of climate-change-impact studies, often referred to as first-generation vulnerability assessment (F€ ussel and Klein 2006;Raut et al 2020) was carried out considering socio-economic characteristics and climatic conditions through the use of a composite index to understand socio-economic vulnerability to climate change. Vulnerability determinants are necessarily dynamic, and vary according to stimulus consideration and locations system-specific (Smit and Wandel 2006).…”