Drs van der Hulst and Pattynama respond

Hulst, Victor P. M. van der; Pattynama, Peter M. T.

doi:10.1148/radiology.203.1.292-a

Cited by 36 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…This interaction produced extensive Hi arms that link the three galaxies (e.g., Gottesman & Weliachew 1975;van der Hulst 1979;Appleton et al 1981;Yun et al 1994) and which are potential sites for TDG formation (e.g., Boyce et al 2001). In particular Hi knots with optical counterparts have been identified within the tidal bridges, the most prominent to the east/north-east of M81 being Holmberg ix, a dwarf galaxy close to M81 catalogued by Holmberg (1969), and Arp's Loop, a region located along the bridge between M81 and M82 discovered by Arp (1965).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holmberg IX: The Nearest Young Galaxy

Sabbi

Gallagher

Smith

et al. 2008

ApJ

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Deep images taken with the Wide Field Channel of the Advanced Camera for Surveys on board the Hubble Space Telescope provide the basis for study the resolved stellar population of the M81 companion dwarf irregular galaxy Holmberg ix. Based on color-magnitude diagrams the stellar population toward Holmberg ix contains numerous stars with ages of 200 Myr as well as older red giant stars. By charting the spatial distribution of the red giant stars and considering their inferred metallicities, we concluded that most of these older stars are associated with M81 or its tidal debris. At least 20% of the stellar mass in Holmberg ixwas produced in the last ∼ 200 Myr, giving it the youngest stellar populations if any nearby galaxy. The location of Holmberg ix, its high gas content, and its youthful stellar population suggests that it is a tidal dwarf galaxy, perhaps formed during the last close passage of M82 around M81.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holmberg IX: The Nearest Young Galaxy

Sabbi

Gallagher

Smith

et al. 2008

ApJ

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“…Isotropic behaviour is not consistent with experiment [7] and simultaneous isotropic linear behaviour and uniaxial nonlinear behaviour of macromolecules can hardly be understood theoretically. For this reason we focus in this paper also upon the influence of linear anisotropy.…”

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…All curves for higher angles have the same type of two-lobe shape, only the relative difference in size between left and right changes, until finally the two lobes will be of the same size for 6, = 90". In view of the preliminary experimental data about single domains of calixarenes [7], the likely shape is that at about dM = 84". For this reason we have calculated more cases for 0, above than for 8, below 72".…”

Section: Sshg Of Uniaxial Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

SSHG of uniaxial molecules: Phenomena near brewster's angle

Wijers

Boeij

1995

Phys. Stat. Sol. (a)

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The nonlinear optical behaviour of a crystalline adlayer of unidirectionally oriented macromolecules at a substrate is studied by means of the discrete dipole model. Polar and azimuthal dependence of the second harmonic pp-reflectance is investigated at the fundamental and second harmonic frequencies. The influence of the anisotropic linear properties of the adlayer turns out to be essential.Das nicht-lineare optische Verhalten einer kristallinen Schicht von parallel orientierten Makromolekulen auf einem Substrat wird mit dem diskreten Dipol-Verfahren untersucht. Die polare und azimutale Abhangigkeit der zweiten harmonischen pp-Reflektanz wird fur die Grundfrequenz und deren zweite Harmonische berechnet. Der EinfluB der anisotropen linearen Eigenschaften der Schicht ist entscheidend.

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“…The core galaxies of the group are strongly interacting. Atomic hydrogen observations have revealed the presence of a large number of tidal streams with large,dynamically complex atomic hydrogen clouds embedding M81, M82, NGC 3077 and NGC 2976 (van der Hulst 1979; Appleton, Davies & Stephenson 1981; Yun, Ho & Lo 1994; Boyce et al 2001). Close interactions between galaxies are capable of leaving tidal debris that could be converted into new stellar systems (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A panoramic view of M81: new stellar systems in the debris field

Mouhcine¹,

Ibata²

2009

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Using the MegaCam imager on the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope, we have resolved individual stars in the outskirts of the nearby large spiral galaxy M81 (NGC 3031) well below the tip of the red giant branch of metal‐poor stellar populations over ∼60 × 58 kpc2. In this paper, we report the discovery of new young stellar systems in the outskirts of M81. The most prominent feature is a chain of clumps of young stars distributed along the extended southern H i tidal arm connecting M 81 and NGC 3077. The colour–magnitude diagrams of these stellar systems show plumes of bright main sequence stars and red supergiant stars, indicating extended events of star formation. The main sequence turn‐offs of the youngest stars in the systems are consistent with ages of ∼40 Myr. The newly reported stellar systems show strong similarities with other known young stellar systems in the debris field around M81, with their properties best explained by these systems being of tidal origin.

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Drs van der Hulst and Pattynama respond

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Holmberg IX: The Nearest Young Galaxy

Holmberg IX: The Nearest Young Galaxy

SSHG of uniaxial molecules: Phenomena near brewster's angle

A panoramic view of M81: new stellar systems in the debris field

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