2023
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1097277
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Drug resistance mechanism of kinase inhibitors in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer, and it usually occurs following chronic liver disease. Although some progress has been made in the treatment of HCC, the prognosis of patients with advanced HCC is not optimistic, mainly because of the inevitable development of drug resistance. Therefore, multi-target kinase inhibitors for the treatment of HCC, such as sorafenib, lenvatinib, cabozantinib, and regorafenib, produce small clinical benefits for patients with HCC. It is… Show more

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Cited by 20 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…In intermediate HCC patients eligible for locoregional treatment, a phase-III trial (LEAP-012) was conducted comparing lenvatinib and pembrolizumab to placebo and TACE ( Llovet et al, 2022 ). The latest published studies shed light on the clinical value of lenvatinib in HCC and provide insight into the current options for systemic treatment ( Li et al, 2022 ; Jiang et al, 2023 ; Leowattana et al, 2023 ; Su et al, 2023 ; Xie et al, 2023 ; Yang et al, 2023 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In intermediate HCC patients eligible for locoregional treatment, a phase-III trial (LEAP-012) was conducted comparing lenvatinib and pembrolizumab to placebo and TACE ( Llovet et al, 2022 ). The latest published studies shed light on the clinical value of lenvatinib in HCC and provide insight into the current options for systemic treatment ( Li et al, 2022 ; Jiang et al, 2023 ; Leowattana et al, 2023 ; Su et al, 2023 ; Xie et al, 2023 ; Yang et al, 2023 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Shared signaling pathways between two drugs may be potentiated: for example the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in the case of sorafenib and raloxifene, or inhibition of IL-6 secretion in the case of raloxifene and loratadine, or the Ras or TAK1/MEK/ERK and AP-1 in the case of sorafenib and loratadine (32). Notably, the shared pathways described have been associated with the development of resistance to sorafenib in liver cancer (33). Thus, the major clinical problem of sorafenib resistance could be evaded using the three-drug combination here studied, improving the clinical response to sorafenib.…”
Section: Induction Of Apoptosis By Sorafenib (S) Raloxifene (R) and L...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Unfortunately, drugs targeting HCC are mostly multi-target kinase inhibitors, such as sorafenib and lenvatinib ( 3 ). Furthermore, individual sensitivity and drug resistance greatly limit their clinical application ( 4 , 5 ). Therefore, more and more attention are paid to non-kinase target proteins, such as ASCT2, SPR ( 6 , 7 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%