Drugs Modulating the Biological Effects of Peroxynitrite and Related Nitrogen Species

Abstract

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Peroxynitrite diminishes myogenic tone in cerebral arteries: role of nitrotyrosine and F-actin

“…Finally, a similar study in lung epithelium showed that ONOO Ϫ -induced NT colocalized with F-actin and resulted in actin depolymerization (28). We therefore hypothesize that nitrosylation is a mechanism causing disruption of the normal state of F-actin, resulting in depolymerization, possibly through structural/conformational changes to actin (44,52).…”

“…Whether this is due to apoptosis or cell damage not related to apoptosis is also unclear. We have hypothesized that nitrosylation interferes with the normal state of F-actin resulting in depolymerization, possibly through structural changes to actin (44,52). In support of this, others have shown that nitrosylation can be a form of posttranslational protein modification resulting in targeting and accelerated degradation of proteins by activated peroxisomes (50).…”

Comparison of antioxidant effectiveness of lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid

“…As Scheme 1 shows, LA is reduced to form DHLA by NaBH 4 . In this work, the antioxidant abilities of LA and DHLA are compared by interacting with peroxynitrite (ONOO − ) [10], galvinoxyl radical, 2,2 -azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) cation radical (ABTS +• ), 2,2 -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and linoleic acid (LH)-β-carotene emulsion. Then, LA and DHLA are applied to protect linoleic acid (LH) against 2,2 -azobis(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH)-induced oxidation.…”

Peroxynitrite scavenging by ferryl sperm whale myoglobin and human hemoglobin

“…In the presence of CO 2 Peroxynitrite is implicated in several physiological and pathological events, including cell signaling, drug metabolism, microbial pathogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and neurodegenerative disorders. It reacts with various bio-molecules including proteins, lipids, and DNA by either direct reaction with a target molecule or immediately after homolysis to Å NO 2 and hydroxyl radical ( Å OH) or after reaction with CO 2 and homolysis to CO 3 ÅÀ and Å NO 2 [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Besides their role in O 2 transport and storage, globins also catalyze several reactions aimed to scavenge toxic reactive nitrogen and oxygen species.…”