Dry deposition measured with a water surface sampler: a comparison to modeled results

Fate of ammonia in the atmosphere?a review for applicability to hazardous releases

“…The dry deposition velocity is really an expression of the mass transfer coefficient of ammonia from the air into the water phase. Two general approaches have been used by Shahin et al [36] to model this mass transfer process.…”

“…Based on measurements of water evaporation rate, Thibodeaux [37] derived more elementary but relatively complex expressions for the mass transfer coefficients for laminar and for turbulent flows. A critical review of this approach is presented in Shahin et al's paper [36].…”

“…The resistance model is the most widely used model for atmospheric deposition processes [36,[38][39][40]. By analogy with electrical resistances, the deposition velocity, Vd.…”

“…Shahin et al [36] used this previous approach that appears best suited for incorporation in a dispersion model. The aerodynamic resistance is then given by: 4 for neutral and stable atmospheres (27) for unstable atmospheres…”

“…(2) Field measurements of ammonium compound deposition over extended period of time [41,42]. (3) Field measurements using Water Surface Sampler (WSS) and Knife-edge Surrogate Surface (KSS) techniques [36]. Table 7 Deposition velocity of ammonia over seawater Quinn et al [44] Griffiths et al [45] Quinn et al [46] Barrett [47] Asman et al [48] Poor et al [42] Lee et al [38] Larsen et al [43] have compiled all the results published so far for the deposition velocity of ammonia over seawater ( Table 7).…”