Dry Deposition Methods Based on Turbulence Kinetic Energy: 2. Extension to Particle Deposition Using a Single‐Point Model

Abstract

Atmospheric aerosols (liquid and solid), hereafter referred to as particles, have substantial influences on the air quality, radiative balance of the earth, climate, and ecosystem (e.g., Fowler et al., 2009;Lee et al., 2013). Dry deposition is the process that removes gases and aerosols from the air (e.g., Pryor et al., 2008) and is a source of many nutrients to natural ecosystems. Large uncertainties exist in the modeling of particle dry deposition leading to more uncertainties in the estimation of (a) aerosol direct, semi-direct, and indirect effects in climate models; (b) damages to environment via impairment and shifts in biodiversity and health of vegetation; (c) critical loads of nutrients affecting terrestrial ecosystem; and (d) human health impacts via exposure to pollutants. Thus, refined deposition formulations and updated comprehensive measurements are needed to improve estimation of particle dry deposition to address these important topics (Farmer et al., 2021).