Dry Electrodes for Human Bioelectrical Signal Monitoring

Fu, Yulin; Zhao, Jingjing; Dong, Ying; Wang, Xiaohao

doi:10.3390/s20133651

Cited by 137 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(209 reference statements)

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“…Overall IPG system can be divided into three main parts, including electrodes, current source, and analog front-end (AFE), as shown in Figure 3 . The wet-contact silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes were utilized due to electrolytic gel with an excellent electrochemical characteristic [ 27 , 28 ]. The current source was implemented by a Wien-Bridge oscillator and an improved Howland current pump to produce an alternating current with an amplitude of 100 μA and frequency of 50 kHz, which allows the safety guideline in the human body [ 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Impedance Measurement Optimization for High-Resolution Carotid Pulse Sensing

Wang

Chu

Chou

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Continuous hemodynamic monitoring is important for long-term cardiovascular healthcare, especially in hypertension. The impedance plethysmography (IPG) based carotid pulse sensing is a non-invasive diagnosis technique for measuring pulse signals and further evaluating the arterial conditions of the patient such as continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring. To reach the high-resolution IPG-based carotid pulse detection for cardiovascular applications, this study provides an optimized measurement parameter in response to obvious pulsation from the carotid artery. The influence of the frequency of excitation current, electrode cross-sectional area, electrode arrangements, and physiological site of carotid arteries on IPG measurement resolution was thoroughly investigated for optimized parameters. In this study, the IPG system was implemented and installed on the subject’s neck above the carotid artery to evaluate the measurement parameters. The measurement results within 6 subjects obtained the arterial impedance variation of 2137 mΩ using the optimized measurement conditions, including excitation frequency of 50 kHz, a smaller area of 2 cm2, electrode spacing of 4 cm and 1.7 cm for excitation and sensing functions, and location on the left side of the neck. The significance of this study demonstrates an optimized measurement methodology of IPG-based carotid pulse sensing that greatly improves the measurement quality in cardiovascular monitoring.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Impedance Measurement Optimization for High-Resolution Carotid Pulse Sensing

Wang

Chu

Chou

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…Relatively, the dry electrode is fixed on the skin by external force, which can ensure the comfort of long-term detection and high-quality signal for subsequent analysis. However, the poor contact between the dry electrode and the skin will lead to lower amplitude, higher impedance, higher randomness, and noise of the received signal (Sun and Yu, 2016 ; Fu et al, 2020 ). Recently, textile electrode has attracted more and more attention of researchers.…”

Section: Hand Gesture Recognition Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gesture Recognition Using Surface Electromyography and Deep Learning for Prostheses Hand: State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Future

Shi

2021

Front. Neurosci.

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Amputation of the upper limb brings heavy burden to amputees, reduces their quality of life, and limits their performance in activities of daily life. The realization of natural control for prosthetic hands is crucial to improving the quality of life of amputees. Surface electromyography (sEMG) signal is one of the most widely used biological signals for the prediction of upper limb motor intention, which is an essential element of the control systems of prosthetic hands. The conversion of sEMG signals into effective control signals often requires a lot of computational power and complex process. Existing commercial prosthetic hands can only provide natural control for very few active degrees of freedom. Deep learning (DL) has performed surprisingly well in the development of intelligent systems in recent years. The significant improvement of hardware equipment and the continuous emergence of large data sets of sEMG have also boosted the DL research in sEMG signal processing. DL can effectively improve the accuracy of sEMG pattern recognition and reduce the influence of interference factors. This paper analyzes the applicability and efficiency of DL in sEMG-based gesture recognition and reviews the key techniques of DL-based sEMG pattern recognition for the prosthetic hand, including signal acquisition, signal preprocessing, feature extraction, classification of patterns, post-processing, and performance evaluation. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects in clinical application of these techniques are outlined and discussed.

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“…Devices that pierce the epidermis but remain in the dermis can also be considered as surface devices. Many of these are used for inserting or extracting fluid through microneedles [ 39 , 40 ]. However, there are examples of using microneedles for sensing [ 41 ].…”

Section: Surface Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Vivo Microsystems: A Review

French

2020

Sensors

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In-vivo sensors yield valuable medical information by measuring directly on the living tissue of a patient. These devices can be surface or implant devices. Electrical activity in the body, from organs or muscles can be measured using surface electrodes. For short term internal devices, catheters are used. These include cardiac catheter (in blood vessels) and bladder catheters. Due to the size and shape of the catheters, silicon devices provided an excellent solution for sensors. Since many cardiac catheters are disposable, the high volume has led to lower prices of the silicon sensors. Many catheters use a single sensor, but silicon offers the opportunity to have multi sensors in a single catheter, while maintaining small size. The cardiac catheter is usually inserted for a maximum of 72 h. Some devices may be used for a short-to-medium period to monitor parameters after an operation or injury (1–4 weeks). Increasingly, sensing, and actuating, devices are being applied to longer term implants for monitoring a range of parameters for chronic conditions. Devices for longer term implantation presented additional challenges due to the harshness of the environment and the stricter regulations for biocompatibility and safety. This paper will examine the three main areas of application for in-vivo devices: surface devices and short/medium-term and long-term implants. The issues of biocompatibility and safety will be discussed.

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Dry Electrodes for Human Bioelectrical Signal Monitoring

Cited by 137 publications

References 109 publications

Bio-Impedance Measurement Optimization for High-Resolution Carotid Pulse Sensing

Bio-Impedance Measurement Optimization for High-Resolution Carotid Pulse Sensing

Gesture Recognition Using Surface Electromyography and Deep Learning for Prostheses Hand: State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Future

In-Vivo Microsystems: A Review

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