Dry eye symptoms in interferon regulatory factor 3-deficient mice due to herpes simplex virus infection in harderian gland and lacrimal gland

Zhu, Jianwei; Zhang, Xi; Zheng, Xiao; Lu, Luo; Mao, Constance; Lin, Sen; Ye, Jian

doi:10.1016/j.exer.2022.109053

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 67 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As such, during a secondary systemic infection via the blood vessels, the nasolacrimal duct or via neurotropic ways, such as the optic nerve, if a parallel expression can be established in humans, the virus could introduce itself, reproduce, and generate cytopathic destruction and inflammatory processes [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 61 , 72 ] at the previously mentioned ocular substructures. This mechanism could, therefore, partially explain the delayed, sex- and age-dependent ocular symptoms observed episodically in humans and mice [ 7 ]; these include, respectively, cases of blindness [ 13 , 62 ], dry eye [ 73 , 74 , 75 ] and optic neuritis with demyelinating lesions [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Symptoms Associated with COVID-19 Are Correlated with the Expression Profile of Mouse SARS-CoV-2 Binding Sites

Brechbühl

Ferreira

Lópes

et al. 2023

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The COVID-19 pandemic has engendered significant scientific efforts in the understanding of its infectious agent SARS-CoV-2 and of its associated symptoms. A peculiar characteristic of this virus lies in its ability to challenge our senses, as its infection can lead to anosmia and ageusia. While ocular symptoms, such as conjunctivitis, optic neuritis or dry eyes, are also reported after viral infection, they have lower frequencies and severities, and their functional development is still elusive. Here, using combined technical approaches based on histological and gene profiling methods, we characterized the expression of SARS-CoV-2 binding sites (Ace2/Tmprss2) in the mouse eye. We found that ACE2 was ectopically expressed in subtissular ocular regions, such as in the optic nerve and in the Harderian/intraorbital lacrimal glands. Moreover, we observed an important variation of Ace2/Tmprss2 expression that is not only dependent on the age and sex of the animal, but also highly heterogenous between individuals. Our results thus give new insight into the expression of SARS-CoV-2 binding sites in the mouse eye and propose an interpretation of the human ocular-associated symptoms linked to SARS-CoV-2.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Symptoms Associated with COVID-19 Are Correlated with the Expression Profile of Mouse SARS-CoV-2 Binding Sites

Brechbühl

Ferreira

Lópes

et al. 2023

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Interleukin-27 production by macrophages limited HSV-1 corneal shedding and consequent disease progression in mice[ 216 ]. Enhancement of P13K-Akt pathway signaling was hypothesized to cause increased susceptibility to HSV infection among test mice[ 217 ].…”

Section: Immune Responses In Herpes Simplex Keratitis: Implications F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes simplex keratitis: A brief clinical overview

Musa,

Enaholo,

Aluyi-Osa

et al. 2024

World J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of our minireview is to provide a brief overview of the diagnosis, clinical aspects, treatment options, management, and current literature available regarding herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). This type of corneal viral infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), which can affect several tissues, including the cornea. One significant aspect of HSK is its potential to cause recurrent episodes of inflammation and damage to the cornea. After the initial infection, the HSV can establish a latent infection in the trigeminal ganglion, a nerve cluster near the eye. The virus may remain dormant for extended periods. Periodic reactivation of the virus can occur, leading to recurrent episodes of HSK. Factors triggering reactivation include stress, illness, immunosuppression, or trauma. Recurrent episodes can manifest in different clinical patterns, ranging from mild epithelial involvement to more severe stromal or endothelial disease. The severity and frequency of recurrences vary among individuals. Severe cases of HSK, especially those involving the stroma and leading to scarring, can result in vision impairment or even blindness in extreme cases. The cornea's clarity is crucial for good vision, and scarring can compromise this, potentially leading to visual impairment. The management of HSK involves not only treating acute episodes but also implementing long-term strategies to prevent recurrences and attempt repairs of corneal nerve endings via neurotization. Antiviral medications, such as oral Acyclovir or topical Ganciclovir, may be prescribed for prophylaxis. The immune response to the virus can contribute to corneal damage. Inflammation, caused by the body's attempt to control the infection, may inadvertently harm the corneal tissues. Clinicians should be informed about triggers and advised on measures to minimize the risk of reactivation. In summary, the recurrent nature of HSK underscores the importance of both acute and long-term management strategies to preserve corneal health and maintain optimal visual function.

show abstract

“…A study indicated that interferon regulatory factor (irf3) −/− mice infected with HSV-1 display symptoms of DED, including corneal keratinization, corneal cell apoptosis, and tear production reduction. Irf3 −/− mice have pathological changes and functional impairment in the lacrimal glands (LGs) caused by increased levels of HSV-1 [ 103 ]. Here, we summarize the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of viral infection-associated DED.…”

Section: Conclusion and Prospectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meibomian gland dropout score, tear film osmolarity, and ocular surface staining increase [ 51 ]. HSV-1 Corneal infection [ 103 ] Corneal keratinization, corneal cell apoptosis, tear reduction and inflammatory pathological changes and impaired function in LG [ 103 ]. EBV Corneal epithelium infection [ 80 ] Severe redness and photophobia in both eyes.…”

Section: Conclusion and Prospectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry eye disease caused by viral infection: Past, present and future

Wu,

Sun,

Shi

et al. 2023

Virulence

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Following viral infection, the innate immune system senses viral products, such as viral nucleic acids, to activate innate defence pathways, leading to inflammation and apoptosis, control of cell proliferation, and consequently, threat to the whole body. The ocular surface is exposed to the external environment and extremely vulnerable to viral infection. Several studies have revealed that viral infection can induce inflammation of the ocular surface and reduce tear secretion of the lacrimal gland (LG), consequently triggering ocular morphological and functional changes and resulting in dry eye disease (DED). Understanding the mechanisms of DED caused by viral infection and its potential therapeutic strategies are crucial for clinical interventional advances in DED. This review summarizes the roles of viral infection in the pathogenesis of DED, applicable diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and potential regions of future studies.

show abstract

Dry eye symptoms in interferon regulatory factor 3-deficient mice due to herpes simplex virus infection in harderian gland and lacrimal gland

Cited by 5 publications

References 67 publications

Ocular Symptoms Associated with COVID-19 Are Correlated with the Expression Profile of Mouse SARS-CoV-2 Binding Sites

Ocular Symptoms Associated with COVID-19 Are Correlated with the Expression Profile of Mouse SARS-CoV-2 Binding Sites

Herpes simplex keratitis: A brief clinical overview

Dry eye disease caused by viral infection: Past, present and future

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About