Dry first, measure later: a new procedure to preserve and measure zooplankton for ecophysiological studies

Berberovic, Ranka; Pinto‐Coelho, Ricardo Motta

doi:10.1093/plankt/11.5.1109

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Only large unpigmented and pigmented embryos could be removed. Dry mass (dm) of broods was determined after freezing and lyophilization of embryos (Berberovic and Pinto‐Coelho 1989). From this, average embryo mass in each clutch was calculated as: average embryo mass = brood mass/clutch size.…”

Section: Study Site and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LIFE HISTORY AND MULTIPLE ANTIPREDATOR DEFENSES OF AN INVERTEBRATE PELAGIC PREDATOR,BYTHOTREPHES LONGIMANUS

Straile

Halbich

2000

Ecology

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Multiple antipredator defense strategies and their interactions were examined in a field study of the predatory planktonic waterflea Bythotrephes longimanus in Lake Constance, at the northern fringe of the European Alps. Because of its large body size and conspicuousness, Bythotrephes is a preferred prey of freshwater fish. We observed seasonal changes in life history and morphology and diel vertical migration, all best understood as a response to fish predation. Bythotrephes population dynamics were characterized by pronounced population growth in late spring, maximum abundances in June, and a steady decline toward the end of the season. In late spring, high population growth rates were achieved by means of large clutches, low investment in individual offspring, and small size at first reproduction. While the population was still increasing, a marked life history shift occurred. The reproductive strategy of females switched toward high per‐offspring allocation at the expense of clutch size. This change in reproductive behavior resulted in an increase in the size of neonates and was accompanied by an increase in the size at first reproduction. Such a life history shift is typically observed in the presence of gape‐limited predators, which points to the importance of juvenile fish as the principal vertebrate planktivores in Lake Constance. The length of Bythotrephes defensive spina increased throughout the season, reflecting increasing predation pressure, probably owing to seasonally increasing mouth gape size of juvenile fish. In contrast to the predictions of the predator‐avoidance theory, the migration amplitude of large and conspicuous Bythotrephes was small as compared to other zooplankton species. We argue that theory and data can be reconciled if the migration behavior of Bythotrephes is considered as a result of an interaction of predator defenses in the presence of predominantly juvenile, gape‐limited fish. As Bythotrephes achieved protection because of its life history and spina, the costs of large diel migrations may outweigh the benefits.

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Section: Study Site and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LIFE HISTORY AND MULTIPLE ANTIPREDATOR DEFENSES OF AN INVERTEBRATE PELAGIC PREDATOR,BYTHOTREPHES LONGIMANUS

Straile

Halbich

2000

Ecology

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show abstract

“…Only large unpigmented and pigmented embryos could be removed. Dry mass (dm) of broods was determined after freezing and lyophilization of embryos (Berberovic and Pinto-Coelho 1989). From this, average embryo mass in each clutch was calculated as: average embryo mass ϭ brood mass/ clutch size.…”

Section: Study Site and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life History and Multiple Antipredator Defenses of an Invertebrate Pelagic Predator, Bythotrephes longimanus

Straile¹,

Halbich²

2000

Ecology

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Abstract. Multiple antipredator defense strategies and their interactions were examined in a field study of the predatory planktonic waterflea Bythotrephes longimanus in Lake Constance, at the northern fringe of the European Alps. Because of its large body size and conspicuousness, Bythotrephes is a preferred prey of freshwater fish. We observed seasonal changes in life history and morphology and diel vertical migration, all best understood as a response to fish predation. Bythotrephes population dynamics were characterized by pronounced population growth in late spring, maximum abundances in June, and a steady decline toward the end of the season. In late spring, high population growth rates were achieved by means of large clutches, low investment in individual offspring, and small size at first reproduction. While the population was still increasing, a marked life history shift occurred. The reproductive strategy of females switched toward high per-offspring allocation at the expense of clutch size. This change in reproductive behavior resulted in an increase in the size of neonates and was accompanied by an increase in the size at first reproduction. Such a life history shift is typically observed in the presence of gape-limited predators, which points to the importance of juvenile fish as the principal vertebrate planktivores in Lake Constance. The length of Bythotrephes defensive spina increased throughout the season, reflecting increasing predation pressure, probably owing to seasonally increasing mouth gape size of juvenile fish. In contrast to the predictions of the predator-avoidance theory, the migration amplitude of large and conspicuous Bythotrephes was small as compared to other zooplankton species. We argue that theory and data can be reconciled if the migration behavior of Bythotrephes is considered as a result of an interaction of predator defenses in the presence of predominantly juvenile, gape-limited fish. As Bythotrephes achieved protection because of its life history and spina, the costs of large diel migrations may outweigh the benefits.

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“…Zooplankton dry weight was determined by a Mettler high-precision balance (accuracy ± 0.1 µg). Cladocerans were first freeze-dried and then transferred to small preweighted aluminum "boats" following Berberovic and Pinto-Coelho (1989).…”

Section: Biochemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large scale laboratory cultures of Ankistrodesmus gracilis (Reisch) Korsikov (Chlorophyta) and Diaphanosoma biergei Korinek, 1981 (Cladocera)

Sipaúba-Tavares

Pereira

2008

Braz. J. Biol.

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Large-scale lab culture of Ankistrodesmus gracilis and Diaphanososma birgei were evaluated by studying the biology and biochemical composition of the species and production costs. Ankistrodesmus gracilis presented exponential growth until the 6 th day, with approximately 144 x 10 4 cells.mL , aumentando novamente a partir do décimo segundo dia. A alga clorofícea A. gracilis e o zooplâncton D. birgei possuem aproximadamente 50 e 70% de proteína (PS), respectivamente, com teor de carboidrato acima de 5%. A eletricidade e mão de obra foram os itens mais dispendiosos e, de acordo com os dados obtidos, a temperatura, nutrientes, disponibilidade de luz e manejo do cultivo, foram fatores determinantes sobre a produtividade. Os resultados indicam que o meio NPK (20-5-20) pode ser utilizado diretamente como uma alternativa de cultivo em larga escala, considerando o baixo custo de produção, promovendo adequado crescimento e valor nutricional para A. gracilis e D. birgei.

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Dry first, measure later: a new procedure to preserve and measure zooplankton for ecophysiological studies

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

LIFE HISTORY AND MULTIPLE ANTIPREDATOR DEFENSES OF AN INVERTEBRATE PELAGIC PREDATOR,BYTHOTREPHES LONGIMANUS

LIFE HISTORY AND MULTIPLE ANTIPREDATOR DEFENSES OF AN INVERTEBRATE PELAGIC PREDATOR,BYTHOTREPHES LONGIMANUS

Life History and Multiple Antipredator Defenses of an Invertebrate Pelagic Predator, Bythotrephes longimanus

Large scale laboratory cultures of Ankistrodesmus gracilis (Reisch) Korsikov (Chlorophyta) and Diaphanosoma biergei Korinek, 1981 (Cladocera)

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