Dry Socket: Incidence, Clinical Features, and Predisposing Factors

Akinbami, Babatunde O.; Godspower, Thikan

doi:10.1155/2014/796102

Cited by 61 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The incidence of complications was 7.3% in our study and this was comparable to reports obtained from previous studies (Peterson, 1990;Piecuch et al, 1995;Hochwald et al, 1983). Similar to a retrospective study, there were more females in this study, with male to female ratio of 1 to 1.5 (Akinbami and Thikan, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Is routine antibiotic prescription following exodontias necessary? A randomized controlled clinical study

Akinbami¹,

Osagbemiro²

2015

J. Dent. Oral Hyg.

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The importance of routine antibiotics following exodontias should not be addressed in isolation but in conjunction with other factors. Information obtained included patient bio-data, oral hygiene status, tooth extracted, type of exodontias (routine or surgical) and duration of extraction (< or > than 10 min). Randomized patients for extractions were divided into two groups, method of randomization and allotment of patients were done by blind masking. Selection of group was done by picking closed ballot papers which had been designated as 1 or 2, 1-signifies no antibiotic and 2-signifies antibiotic prescription. The first group was given antibiotics following extraction and second group which served as the control were not given antibiotics. There were a total of 262 patients that had exodontias within the study period, 104 (39.7%) males and 158 (60.3%) were under the age range 15 to 96 years, and mean (standard deviation) of 35.2 (14.6) years. There were 162 (61.8%) patients in the first group and 100 (38.2%) patients in the second group (no antibiotics), 95 (36.3%) patients in the second group had nontraumatic extractions and 5 had traumatic extractions. 45 patients in second group had extractions that lasted more than 10 min. Out of 240 (91.6%) routine extractions done, 96 (36.6%) were in the second group and of 22 (8.4%) surgical extractions, 4 (1.5%) were in the second group. This study showed that routine antibiotic used was not necessary following all exodontias procedures, and variables such as type of extraction, difficulty of extraction and adherence to post operative instructions were important associated factors that determined the occurrence of postoperative complications. The registration number of this trial is PACTR201408000861302. Registered with the Pan-African Clinical Trial Registry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Is routine antibiotic prescription following exodontias necessary? A randomized controlled clinical study

Akinbami¹,

Osagbemiro²

2015

J. Dent. Oral Hyg.

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“…The use of antibiotics such as clindamycin and amoxicillin are effective to treat the dry socket-associated infection. 6 Metronidazole is used to treat many broad-spectrum infections by stopping bacterial or parasitic growth. 7 Metronidazole is highly effective against anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparison of Metronidazole, Clindamycin, and Amoxicillin Againts Streptococcus sanguinis

Lowden

Widyarman

2018

JIDA

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Introduction: Viridans streptococci group such as Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis), an anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria is a well-known for its involvement in dry socket (alveolar osteitis)-associated infection. Systemic amoxicillin, clindamycin and metronidazole have all been shown to be effective to inhibit this bacterium. However, there has been a lack of studies identifying which are the most effective amongst these antibiotics toward Streptococcus sanguinis. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of metronidazole, clindamycin, and amoxicillin in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis in vitro. Methods: This effectiveness was done by using agar well diffusion methods. S. sanguinis ATCC 10556 were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth at 37°C under anaerobic condition. After 48h, bacterial cells were harvested and counted using microplate reader (490 nm) to achieve optical density of 0.25-0.30 (107 CFU/mL). Subsequently, 100 μL of bacterial suspension was cultured on BHI agar and each antibiotic suspension was added into each agar well, incubated for 72h at 37°C. The inhibition zone diameters were measured with electronic caliper. All experiments were done in triplicate, and repeated two times in separated occasions. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. A p<0.05 was considered as significance. Result: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the effectiveness, clindamycin and amoxicillin in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis (p<0.05), compared to metronidazole. The inhibition zone diameter with mean±SD (mm) are 13.50±2.0, 34.67±2.3 and 32.67±1.7 for metronidazole, clindamycin and amoxicillin, respectively. Conclusion: Clindamycin and amoxicillin are more effective in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis compared to metronidazole in this study. However, future studies are needed to confirm this result in vivo.

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“…A alveolite seca é uma condição altamente dolorosa que aparece entre um e três dias após a extração dentária (Bowe et al, 2011(Bowe et al, -2012. É caracterizada pela inflamação do osso alveolar ao redor do dente extraído, acompanhada pela perda do coágulo sanguíneo no interior do alvéolo, elemento importante durante o processo de reparo alveolar (Akinbami;Godspower, 2014). Blum (2002) A alveolite seca é a complicação pós-operatória mais incidente após as extrações dentárias (Kolokythas et al, 2010;Sigron et al, 2014;Taberner-Vallverdu et al, 2015), com maior ocorrência em pessoas ao redor de 40 anos de idade, de sexo feminino, e menos frequente na maxila do que na mandíbula (Sigron et al, 2014).…”

Section: Alveolite Secaunclassified

“…trauma cirúrgico, desenho do retalho, infecção local pré-existente, tabagismo, uso de anticoncepcionais orais, desordens ósseas, doenças sistêmicas como diabetes mellitus, distúrbios de coagulação, negligência dos cuidados pós-operatórios, higiene oral pobre, uso de vasoconstritores e quadros prévios de alveolite (Cardoso et al, 2010;Akinbami;Godspower, 2014;Tarakji et al, 2015).…”

Section: Etiopatogeniaunclassified

“…A alveolite seca (AS) é a complicação pós-operatória mais incidente após exodontias (Sigron et al, 2014). Apresenta-se como um quadro altamente doloroso, que aparece entre um e três dias após a extração dentária, causado pela perda do coágulo sanguíneo (Akinbami;Godspower, 2014). Embora seja preconizado que a prevenção é melhor que o tratamento, nenhum dos métodos preventivos isolado é totalmente eficaz (Cardoso et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Nanofibras poliméricas carregadas com oxitetraciclina para tratamento de alveolite seca: estudo em ratos

Viera¹

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Dry socket is one of the most common and symptomatic postoperative complications in tooth extraction, however, to date, it does not have an established treatment protocol. Oxytetracycline (OTC) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, employed in the treatment of multiple infections. Nevertheless, in the last few years, first-generation tetracyclines such as OTC, have been avoided due to the development of resistant microorganisms. Fortunately, in recent years there has been a contrary trend thanks to control measures in the use of antibiotics. Controlled release systems can prevent the development of bacterial resistance and decrease the risk of adverse effects. This study aimed to prepare a polymeric nanofiber of polycaprolactone and oxytetracycline (PCL/OTC), and to evaluate its physical and biological properties in vitro and in vivo, aiming its use in the treatment of dry socket at the future. The OTC-charged polymeric nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and drug release profile evaluation. The antibacterial activity of the nanofiber over a mixed biofilm containing Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eikenella corrodens, Streptococcus sanguis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was analyzed by counting the viable colony-forming units after 1, 4, 24, 30 and 48 h of contact. The alveolar repair process induced by the PCL/OTC nanofiber was evaluated histomorphologically and histomorphometrically after the treatment of dry socket in rat molars, and compared to the treatment with plain PCL nanofibers and Alvogyl TM , 7, 14 and 21 days after extraction. Finally, the identification and counting of osteoclasts were performed through the tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, at the same evaluation time points. PCL/OTC nanofibers presented random orientation in layers and multiform morphology. The release profile of the PCL/OTC system showed a burst effect within the first 8 hours, followed by a prolonged slow release period. The PCL/OTC nanofiber at a concentration of 132 μg OTC/mL reduced more than 50% of the biofilm colonies in the first few hours of release, followed by a maintenance period in which the percentage of bacterial colonies remained low. The PCL/OTC group presented the highest percentage of connective tissue on the 7 th day (p<0.05), and of newly formed bone on the 14 th and 21 st days (p<0.05) after dental extraction, compared to the other groups. The treatment of dry socket with the PCL/OTC fiber allowed almost complete tissue regeneration up to the 21 st day, and the chronology of tissue regeneration with this material was faster than with the plain PCL fiber, and the latter was more rapid than the positive control Alvogyl TM. The PCL/OTC group presented a lower amount (p<0.05) of osteoclasts per area than the other two groups in the three experimental periods. The prolonged release profile of OTC and the relevant biological properties presented by the PCL/OTC nanofibers suggest that th...

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Dry Socket: Incidence, Clinical Features, and Predisposing Factors

Cited by 61 publications

References 18 publications

Is routine antibiotic prescription following exodontias necessary? A randomized controlled clinical study

Is routine antibiotic prescription following exodontias necessary? A randomized controlled clinical study

The Comparison of Metronidazole, Clindamycin, and Amoxicillin Againts Streptococcus sanguinis

Nanofibras poliméricas carregadas com oxitetraciclina para tratamento de alveolite seca: estudo em ratos

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