Drying kinetics and quality analysis of black turmeric (Curcuma caesia) drying in a mixed mode forced convection solar dryer integrated with thermal energy storage

Lakshmi, D.V.N.; Muthukumar, P.; Layek, Apurba; Nayak, P.

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2017.12.053

Cited by 202 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The performance of each drying unit was tested following the methodology proposed by Leon, Kumar, and Bhattacharya (), Rabha et al (), and Lakshmi et al (). Design procedure of the solar dryer has been adopted from Lakshmi, Muthukumar, and Layek ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An indirect solar dryer with thermal energy storage was designed and performed experiments (Rabha, Muthukumar, & Somayaji, ) for drying of ghost chili. Mixed mode solar dryer was developed for drying of Curcuma caesia (Lakshmi, Muthukumar, Layek, & Nayak, ). The experiments were let to continue after sunset hours as the thermal energy storage material liberate heat for drying.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance comparison of mixed mode and indirect mode parallel flow forced convection solar driers for drying Curcuma zedoaria

Lakshmi

Muthukumar

Ekka

et al. 2019

J Food Process Engineering

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This study focuses on energy and drying kinetic analyses of Curcuma zedoaria (white turmeric) dried in mixed and indirect active parallel flow solar dryers. Dryer efficiency, specific energy consumption and drying rate are studied. The overall dryer efficiency of mixed mode (MFSCD) is 26.5% higher than indirect mode (IFSCD) solar dryer. Two term model and Verma model fit best for Curcuma zedoaria drying in MFSCD and IFSCD, respectively, and Logarithmic model is quite suitable for open sun drying (OSD). The effective moisture diffusivity of the product dried under MFSCD is highest as compared to IFSCD and OSD products. The quality analyses show that higher values of TFC (78.11 mg GAE/g of sample) and DPPH (120.56 μ mol of TE/g of sample) are reported in the samples dried in MFSCD as compared to IFSCD and OSD samples. Practical applications Conventional open sun drying is a common practice followed by small farmers for drying herbs and spices. Products dried under open sun lose their nutritional and medicinal values due to slow drying rate and improper heating. The present work focusses on the development of a low cost solar dryer for drying of high value medicinal herbs like Curcuma zedoaria, curcuma caesia, and black cardamom. Study of drying kinetics helps in improving the design aspects of solar dryer and optimization of the drying systems. Drying time of the Curcuma zedoaria dried in the developed dryer is about 60% less than the open sun drying and the retention of color, antioxidant, and texture of the solar dried products is excellent. The developed solar dryer will be suitable for small small‐scale farmers and can be scaled up to any size.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance comparison of mixed mode and indirect mode parallel flow forced convection solar driers for drying Curcuma zedoaria

Lakshmi

Muthukumar

Ekka

et al. 2019

J Food Process Engineering

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“…where M is dry-base moisture content of the material at a particular time, %; M e is dry base moisture content after material balance, %; and M o is initial dry-base moisture content of material, %. However, MR is simplified to M/ M 0 , because Mg is very small compared to M and M 0 (El Khadraoui et al 2019;Lakshmi et al 2018).…”

Section: Drying Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Drying Characteristics and Mathematical Modeling for Air Drying of Germinated Brown Rice

Yousaf¹,

Wang²,

Chen³

2019

JSM

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In view of existing problems in the drying process of germinated brown rice (GBR), the self-made hot air drying test system was utilized. The drying medium temperature and wind speed were selected as the drying parameters, and different constraints were set for the test. The effects of the drying medium temperature and wind speed on the drying rate and unit energy consumption were examined, and the drying mathematical models of GBR were established. The results perceived that as the temperature rose, and the wind speed increased, the drying rate increased accordingly. When the temperature was above 95°C, wind speed exceeded 3.6 m/s; the drying rate would not change deliberately. When the temperature of the drying medium rose, the change rate during the drying preheating stage and the deceleration stage increased sharply, whereas the drying rate in the constant-speed drying stage increased, and the drying time was greatly shortened. Unit energy consumption decreased with the increase of temperature and increased with increasing wind speed. Furthermore, when the drying temperature was ranged between 50°C and 80°C, the unit energy consumption changed meaningfully; when the medium temperature was between 80°C and 110°C, the unit heat consumption turned slowly. Wang and Singh's model could best simulate the drying process of GBR within the experimental settings. And then comparing the RMSE and under the various dry conditions, the data of Wang and Singh model were between 1.6% -2.8% and 2.5×10-4 -5×10-4. The R 2 values of the model were higher than 0.98. ABSTRAKDisebabkan masalah sedia ada dalam proses pengeringan percambahan beras perang (GBR), sistem ujian pengeringan udara panas buatan sendiri telah digunakan. Pengeringan suhu sederhana dan kelajuan angin dipilih sebagai parameter pengeringan dan kekangan berbeza ditetapkan untuk ujian. Kesan daripada pengeringan suhu sederhana dan kelajuan angin pada kadar pengeringan dan penggunaan tenaga unit disemak dan pengeringan model matematik GBR telah ditubuhkan. Keputusan menunjukkan apabila suhu meningkat dan kelajuan angin bertambah, kadar pengeringan meningkat dengan sewajarnya. Apabila suhu melebihi 95°C, kelajuan angin melebihi 3.6 m/s; kadar pengeringan tidak akan berubah secara terancang. Apabila suhu pengeringan itu meningkat, kadar perubahan pada peringkat pra-pemanasan pengeringan dan peringkat nyahpecutan meningkat secara mendadak, sedangkan kadar pengeringan pada peringkat pengeringan laju meningkat dan masa pengeringan telah banyak dipendekkan. Penggunaan tenaga unit menurun dengan peningkatan suhu dan meningkat dengan kelajuan angin. Tambahan pula, apabila suhu pengeringan berada dalam lingkungan 50°C hingga 80°C, penggunaan tenaga unit juga turut berubah; apabila suhu sederhana adalah antara 80°C dan 110°C, penggunaan haba unit bertukar menjadi perlahan. Model Wang dan Singh adalah stimulasi terbaik bagi proses pengeringan GBR dalam tetapan uji kaji. Apabila perbandingan RMSE dijalankan pada pelbagai keadaan pengeringan, data bagi model Wang dan Singh adal...

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“…Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Black turmeric or black zedoary) is a perennial herb with bluish-black rhizome native to North-East and Central India (Devi et al, 2015;Lakshmi et al, 2018). It contains a very good percentage of curcumin which possesses many curative properties among all the Curcuma or turmeric species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It contains a very good percentage of curcumin which possesses many curative properties among all the Curcuma or turmeric species. It is recognized as a medicinal herb to possess with various properties such as anti-fungal activity (Banerjee and Nigam, 1976), anti-asthmatic activity (Arulmozhi et al, 2006), antioxidant activity (Mangla et al, 2010;Lakshmi et al, 2018), anxiolytic and CNS depressant activity (Karmakar et al, 2011) and anti-bacterial activity (Rajamma et al, 2012). The rhizomes of the plant are aromatic in nature .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drying kinetics of black turmeric (Curcuma caesia) with optimal controller assisted low cost solar dryer

Kondareddy¹,

Sivakumaran²,

Nayak³

2019

Food Res.

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Solar is abundant, renewable and sustainable energy source that attracted many renowned researchers across the globe. Solar drying is a promising drying technology for fruits and vegetables in developing countries. In this study, a low-cost solar dryer was designed and developed with moisture monitoring and temperature controlling system. The experimental setup consists of modified thermal collector and plenum chamber. Black turmeric (Curcuma caesia) slices (2 mm) was carried out for thin layer drying kinetics and results were compared with open sun drying and tray drying. The drying kinetics of the slices was tested by five thin-layer drying models. Among the empirical models investigated, the modified page model satisfactorily described the drying behavior of black turmeric slices with higher R 2 (0.9988) and lower χ 2 (0.0032) values. In addition to that, experiments were also conducted to study the effect of drying conditions on Color, TPC, TFC and Antioxidant activities. The low-cost dryer could be useful in the food industry/ farmers/small scale industry as a means of saving time and minimizing product quality damage.

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Drying kinetics and quality analysis of black turmeric (Curcuma caesia) drying in a mixed mode forced convection solar dryer integrated with thermal energy storage

Cited by 202 publications

References 42 publications

Performance comparison of mixed mode and indirect mode parallel flow forced convection solar driers for drying Curcuma zedoaria

Performance comparison of mixed mode and indirect mode parallel flow forced convection solar driers for drying Curcuma zedoaria

Experimental Study of Drying Characteristics and Mathematical Modeling for Air Drying of Germinated Brown Rice

Drying kinetics of black turmeric (Curcuma caesia) with optimal controller assisted low cost solar dryer

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