Abstract:Tumor cells are rich in antigens, which provide a reliable antigen library for the design of personalized vaccines. However, an effective tumor vaccine vector that can efficiently deliver antigens to lymphoid organs to stimulate strong CD8 + cytotoxic T-lymphocyte immune response is still lacking. Here we designed a dual-antigen delivery system based on hepatitis B virus core antigen virus-like particles (HBc VLPs). We first confirmed that different antigen-loaded HBc VLP monomers could be assembled into nanop… Show more
“…A dual-antigen vaccine strategy was developed, based on the hepatitis B virus core antigen presenting the OVA257−264 (SIINFEKL) and the gp100 (KVPRNQDWL) antigen peptides [105]. The chimeric HBc proteins expressed in E. Coli were able to assemble into VLPs and to slightly enhance the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells ex vivo.…”
Section: Vlps For Melanomamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The chimeric HBc proteins expressed in E. Coli were able to assemble into VLPs and to slightly enhance the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells ex vivo. Notably, such VLPs induced a strong antigen-specific antitumor immunity in mice, and an innate immunity against tumors and metastasis originated from the subcutaneous implantation of B16-OVA melanoma cells [105].…”
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembled viral protein complexes that mimic the native virus structure without being infectious. VLPs, similarly to wild type viruses, are able to efficiently target and activate dendritic cells (DCs) triggering the B and T cell immunities. Therefore, VLPs hold great promise for the development of effective and affordable vaccines in infectious diseases and cancers. Vaccine formulations based on VLPs, compared to other nanoparticles, have the advantage of incorporating multiple antigens derived from different proteins. Moreover, such antigens can be functionalized by chemical modifications without affecting the structural conformation or the antigenicity. This review summarizes the current status of preventive and therapeutic VLP-based vaccines developed against human oncoviruses as well as cancers.
“…A dual-antigen vaccine strategy was developed, based on the hepatitis B virus core antigen presenting the OVA257−264 (SIINFEKL) and the gp100 (KVPRNQDWL) antigen peptides [105]. The chimeric HBc proteins expressed in E. Coli were able to assemble into VLPs and to slightly enhance the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells ex vivo.…”
Section: Vlps For Melanomamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The chimeric HBc proteins expressed in E. Coli were able to assemble into VLPs and to slightly enhance the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells ex vivo. Notably, such VLPs induced a strong antigen-specific antitumor immunity in mice, and an innate immunity against tumors and metastasis originated from the subcutaneous implantation of B16-OVA melanoma cells [105].…”
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembled viral protein complexes that mimic the native virus structure without being infectious. VLPs, similarly to wild type viruses, are able to efficiently target and activate dendritic cells (DCs) triggering the B and T cell immunities. Therefore, VLPs hold great promise for the development of effective and affordable vaccines in infectious diseases and cancers. Vaccine formulations based on VLPs, compared to other nanoparticles, have the advantage of incorporating multiple antigens derived from different proteins. Moreover, such antigens can be functionalized by chemical modifications without affecting the structural conformation or the antigenicity. This review summarizes the current status of preventive and therapeutic VLP-based vaccines developed against human oncoviruses as well as cancers.
“…Cheng et al [ 168 ] fused pattern antigen OVA 257-264 and specific antigen of melanoma gp100 into HBc based VLP through genetic recombination, constructing a novel dual antigen delivery system (Fig. 5 ).…”
Section: Cancer Therapy By Using Protein Nanoparticlesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 5 Schematic illustration of the therapy and the therapeutic effect of the tumor [ 168 ]. Upper: Schematic illustration of the construction of dual antigens loaded HBc VLP and the subcutaneous inoculation; Bottom left: Results of treatment of lung metastases.…”
Section: Cancer Therapy By Using Protein Nanoparticlesmentioning
Cancer has been a serious threat to human health. Among drug delivery carriers, protein nanoparticles are unique because of their mild and environmentally friendly preparation methods. They also inherit desired characteristics from natural proteins, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability. Therefore, they have solved some problems inherent to inorganic nanocarriers such as poor biocompatibility. Also, the surface groups and cavity of protein nanoparticles allow for easy surface modification and drug loading. Besides, protein nanoparticles can be combined with inorganic nanoparticles or contrast agents to form multifunctional theranostic platforms. This review introduces representative protein nanoparticles applicable in cancer theranostics, including virus-like particles, albumin nanoparticles, silk protein nanoparticles, and ferritin nanoparticles. It also describes the common methods for preparing them. It then critically analyzes the use of a variety of protein nanoparticles in improved cancer imaging and therapy.
“…The stability and assembly of HBc core protein are improved by introducing artificial covalent disulfide bridges and transplanting a rare spike region on the VLP, which has no anti-carrier responses in immunized mice [24]. HBc VLP was recently designed to display dual antigens against melanoma [25] and heterologous antigens from Neisseria meningitidis [26].…”
Protein assemblies provide unique structural features which make them useful as carrier molecules in biomedical and chemical science. Protein assemblies can accommodate a variety of organic, inorganic and biological molecules such as small proteins and peptides and have been used in development of subunit vaccines via display parts of viral pathogens or antigens. Such subunit vaccines are much safer than traditional vaccines based on inactivated pathogens which are more likely to produce side-effects. Therefore, to tackle a pandemic and rapidly produce safer and more effective subunit vaccines based on protein assemblies, it is necessary to understand the basic structural features which drive protein self-assembly and functionalization of portions of pathogens. This review highlights recent developments and future perspectives in production of non-viral protein assemblies with essential structural features of subunit vaccines.
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