Dual-Energy Computed Tomography

McLaughlin, Patrick D.; Mallinson, Paul I.; Lourenco, Pedro; Nicolaou, Savvas

doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2015.02.016

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…In the musculoskeletal region, virtual non-calcium imaging may be used to evaluate the bone marrow that is beyond the scope of CT evaluation. Virtual non-calcium imaging subtracts calcium from cancellous bone and allows detection of acute traumatic bone marrow lesions including occult fractures and bone bruises, which cannot be clearly visualized on single-energy CT (232425). Diagnostic performance of virtual non-calcium imaging tends to be better for small appendicular bones than axial skeletons.…”

Section: Dual-energy Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, false-positive results may occur due to the presence of normal red marrow, and other pathologies, such as osteonecrosis or degenerative changes, may mimic post-traumatic bone marrow lesions. A combined review of gray-scale images and color-coded images can facilitate the identification of small attenuation changes within the bone marrow (232425). Of note, automatic color-coded bone marrow segmentation is incomplete, especially in the head region.…”

Section: Dual-energy Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8). Iodine map is helpful not only to distinguish a particularly hyperdense, cystic lesion or hematoma from enhancing lesion, but also to clearly delineate the extent of bowel ischemia (141825); in addition, malignant tumors may be more accurately differentiated from benign tumors based on the degree of iodine enhancement (19). Treatment response may be assessed quantitatively by measuring the iodine concentration in enhancing tumors in oncologic patients (14182831).…”

Section: Dual-energy Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the cardiovascular region, static dual-energy stress myocardial perfusion CT is more useful than coronary CT angiography for the detection of hemodynamically significant coronary artery stenosis by providing myocardial iodine distribution during the early arterial phase (2534). In cardioembolic stroke, dual-energy cardiac CT with dual-phase (arterial and 3 minutes delayed) intravenous injection of contrast agent can be used to accurately differentiate between left atrial appendage thrombi and circulatory stasis (35).…”

Section: Dual-energy Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In nephrolithiasis, dual-energy CT can be used to reliably distinguish uric acid-containing stones from calcium-containing stones because the former consists of materials with significantly smaller atomic numbers than the latter (25). Dual-energy CT also can differentiate different types of non-uric acid calculi (5051).…”

Section: Dual-energy Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual-Energy CT: New Horizon in Medical Imaging

2017

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Dual-energy CT has remained underutilized over the past decade probably due to a cumbersome workflow issue and current technical limitations. Clinical radiologists should be made aware of the potential clinical benefits of dual-energy CT over single-energy CT. To accomplish this aim, the basic principle, current acquisition methods with advantages and disadvantages, and various material-specific imaging methods as clinical applications of dual-energy CT should be addressed in detail. Current dual-energy CT acquisition methods include dual tubes with or without beam filtration, rapid voltage switching, dual-layer detector, split filter technique, and sequential scanning. Dual-energy material-specific imaging methods include virtual monoenergetic or monochromatic imaging, effective atomic number map, virtual non-contrast or unenhanced imaging, virtual non-calcium imaging, iodine map, inhaled xenon map, uric acid imaging, automatic bone removal, and lung vessels analysis. In this review, we focus on dual-energy CT imaging including related issues of radiation exposure to patients, scanning and post-processing options, and potential clinical benefits mainly to improve the understanding of clinical radiologists and thus, expand the clinical use of dual-energy CT; in addition, we briefly describe the current technical limitations of dual-energy CT and the current developments of photon-counting detector.

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Section: Dual-energy Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dual-energy Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%