Dual-image-based reversible data hiding scheme with integrity verification using exploiting modification direction

Lin, Jianlong; Chen, Yu; Chang, Chin‐Chen; Hu, Yu‐Chen

doi:10.1007/s11042-019-07783-y

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…-For x σ (n), the embedding operation is shown in Table 2, after obtaining the number of secret messages bits for once embedding m and the position number α, we embed secret message by (11).…”

Section: Serial Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pixels in ascending order is {110, 110, 113, 113}, P E min = P E max = 0. The numbers of secret bits for x σ (1) and x σ (4) are 0 , 3 respectively by (13), and the first two secret messages bit are (0) 2 and (101) 2 ; we determine that 1, 3 are position number α for x σ (1) and x σ (4) according to (14); x σ (1) , x σ (1) , x σ (4) and x σ (4) are then substituted into (12) and (11) to obtain the marked pixels x σ (1) = x σ (1) − 1/2 = 110, x σ (1) = x σ (1) = 110, x σ (4) = x σ (4) = 113, x σ (4) = x σ (4) + 3/2 = 114. Write the stego pixels x σ (1) , x σ (1) , x σ (4) , x σ (4) to corresponding original position, and then obtain two stego blocks X 1 : {110, 113, 110, 113} and X 1 : {110, 113, 110, 114}.…”

Section: Serial Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Qin et al [17] used the EMD method to embed secret messages in the first marked image and adaptively modified the first marked image to obtain the second stego image. Lin et al [11] embed two 5-based secret messages into a pair of stego-pixel by EMD matrix and shifted some stegopixel pairs to suitable locations for reversibility. Lu et al [13] proposed another dual-image technique based on the center-folding strategy (CFS), the k-bit binary data was embedded in two stego images after being converted to a decimal symbol by center folding strategy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel pixel value ordering reversible data hiding based on dual-image

Niu

Shen

2022

Multimed Tools Appl

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Recently, reversible data hiding (RDH) based on pixel value order (PVO) has been an important research direction in the field of information security due to its high-fidelity characteristics. However, PVO-based schemes have low embedding capacities (EC) because the pixels whose prediction-error greater than 1 or less than -1 on the histogram just shifted but not selected for embedding data. Dual-image techniques have often been used in recent years. In this paper, we use dual-image to design a new shift strategy that allows secret data to be embedded in those pixels only shifted in PVO-based schemes previously to improve the EC. The number of secret message bits for each embedding is fixed in most dual-image RDH methods, which leads to image redundancy not be fully exploited. In the proposed method, the number of embedded bits changes dynamically according to the predictionerror so that the visual quality of the stego images is better. Experimental results verify that the proposed method is superior to some other state-of-the-art PVO-based and dual-image RDH methods.

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Section: Serial Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Serial Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel pixel value ordering reversible data hiding based on dual-image

Niu

Shen

2022

Multimed Tools Appl

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“…Thus, there is a need for a tradeoff between transparency and data-hiding capacity [3]. DHTs may also be classified as irreversible and reversible [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. In irreversible DHTs, the distortions to the cover object are permanent, and one can't restore the original cover object after extracting the secret message.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Efficient EMD-Based Reversible Data Hiding Technique Using Dual Stego Images

Ali¹

2023

Computers, Materials &Amp; Continua

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Exploiting modification direction (EMD) based data hiding techniques (DHTs) provide moderate data hiding capacity and high-quality stego images. The overflow problem and the cyclic nature of the extraction function essentially hinder their application in several fields in which reversibility is necessary. Thus far, the few EMD reversible DHTs are complex and numerically demanding. This paper presents a novel EMD-based reversible DHT using dual-image. Two novel 2 × 4 modification lookup tables are introduced, replacing the 256 × 256 reference matrix used in similar techniques and eliminating the numerically demanding search step in similar techniques. In the embedding step, one of the modification tables modifies a pixel in odd columns in the first cover image and keeps its image in the second cover image intact. The other modification table modifies a pixel in even columns in the second cover image and keeps its image in the first cover image intact. This embedding strategy enables direct reversibility at almost zero computational cost. This technique embeds one 4 − ary secret digit into each pixel in the first cover image and its image in the second cover image resulting in one bit per pixel (bpp) data embedding rate. The use of the 4 − ary numbering system enables direct and numerically efficient conversion of the binary secret message to the 4 − ary and vice versa. The advantages of the proposed algorithm are straightforward reversibility, simplicity, numerical efficiency, direct conversion of the binary secret message to 4 − ary and vice versa, and elimination of the need for the 256 × 256 reference matrix by replacing it with two 2 × 4 lookup tables. Simulation results show that the embedding rate of the proposed technique is one bpp. It achieved more than 49 dB average Peak to Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) over all test images.

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“…Furthermore, the difference between pairwise generated stego pixels do not exceed two either, so the cheating detection rate based on this property can reach to 95%. Later, Lin et al [27] proposed a novel (2, 2) secret sharing scheme with the help of the EMD reference matrix in 2019. In comparison with the method in [28], EC and cheating detection ratio are about the same, but the visual quality of image shadows has been greatly improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel (2, 3)-Threshold Reversible Secret Image Sharing Scheme Based on Optimized Crystal-Lattice Matrix

2021

Self Cite

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The (k, n)-threshold reversible secret image sharing (RSIS) is technology that conceals the secret data in a cover image and produces n shadow versions. While k (k ≤ n) or more shadows are gathered, the embedded secret data and the cover image can be retrieved without any error. This article proposes an optimal (2, 3) RSIS algorithm based on a crystal-lattice matrix. Sized by the assigned embedding capacity, a crystal-lattice model is first generated by simulating the crystal growth phenomenon with a greedy algorithm. A three-dimensional (3D) reference matrix based on translationally symmetric alignment of crystal-lattice models is constructed to guide production of the three secret image shadows. Any two of the three different shares can cooperate to restore the secret data and the cover image. When all three image shares are available, the third share can be applied to authenticate the obtained image shares. Experimental results prove that the proposed scheme can produce secret image shares with a better visual quality than other related works.

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Dual-image-based reversible data hiding scheme with integrity verification using exploiting modification direction

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

A novel pixel value ordering reversible data hiding based on dual-image

A novel pixel value ordering reversible data hiding based on dual-image

An Efficient EMD-Based Reversible Data Hiding Technique Using Dual Stego Images

A Novel (2, 3)-Threshold Reversible Secret Image Sharing Scheme Based on Optimized Crystal-Lattice Matrix

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