Dual Nature Cupper-Based Ionic Liquid-Assisted n-Butane Selective Oxidation with a Vanadium Phosphorus Oxide Catalyst

Ionic Liquids in Metal, Photo-, Electro-, and (Bio) Catalysis

“…The catalytic performance of vanadium phosphorus oxides (VPOs) for the oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride is improved in the presence of 1538 The picolinate anion in the [C 4,4,4,4 N][Picolinate] IL acted as a ligand to stabilize the oligomeric vanadium oxo-cluster by coordination with the vanadium sites, while the cation of the IL played a role in balancing the charge and tuned the miscibility of the vanadium oxo-cluster in solvents. The vanadium oxo-clusters were highly efficient in catalyzing the oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol and cyclohexenone with H 2 O 2 as an oxidant (conversions up to 30%).…”

“…The catalytic performance of vanadium phosphorus oxides (VPOs) for the oxidation of n -butane to maleic anhydride is improved in the presence of [C 4 C 1 Im]­[CuCl 2 ] or [C 4 C 1 Im]­[CuCl 3 ] ILs (SCILLs) …”

Regulation of Maleic Anhydride Selectivity for n-Butane Oxidation by Sb2O3-Modified Vanadium Phosphorus Oxide Catalysts

“…The main crystalline phase of the VPO precursor is vanadyl hydrogen phosphate hemihydrate (VOHPO 4 ·0.5H 2 O, VHP). The active phase of the VPO catalyst is vanadyl pyrophosphate ((VO) 2 P 2 O 7 ) . Furthermore, the VPO catalysts contain active phases of V 4+ species ((VO) 2 P 2 O 7 ) and V 5+ species (α I -VOPO 4 , α II -VOPO 4 , β-VOPO 4 , γ-VOPO 4 , and VOPO 4 ·2H 2 O) .…”

“…For instance, the optimal VPO-ChCl-BDO catalyst significantly improved the MA selectivity and reduced the byproducts . Besides, Cu-ILs could simultaneously serve as structural directing agents and electron promoters, thus synergistically optimizing the V 4+ /V 5+ and lattice defects . The increased n -butane conversion, MA selectivity, and minimized CO x selectivity can be achieved.…”

“…The active phase of the VPO catalyst is vanadyl pyrophosphate ((VO) 2 P 2 O 7 ). 4 Furthermore, the VPO catalysts contain active phases of V 4+ species ((VO) 2 P 2 O 7 ) and V 5+ species (α I -VOPO 4 , α II -VOPO 4 , β-VOPO 4 , γ-VOPO 4 , and VOPO 4 • 2H 2 O). 5 Usually, V 4+ phase is considered as the dominant active phase for n-butane oxidation, which is obtained from the topotactic solid-state transformation from the VHP.…”