Dual-Phasic, Well-Aligned, and Strong Flexible Hydrophobic Ceramic Membranes for Efficient Thermal Insulation in Extreme Conditions

Abstract

The inherent brittleness and hydrophilicity of ceramics pose a great challenge to designing a reliable structure that can resist mechanical loads and moisture in extreme conditions with high temperature and high humidity. Here, we report a two-phase hydrophobic silica–zirconia composite ceramic nanofiber membrane (H-ZSNFM) with exceptional mechanical robustness and high-temperature hydrophobic resistance. For the dual-phasic nanofibers, the amorphous silica blocked the connection of zirconia nanocrystals, and the lattice distortion was observed due to Si in the ZrO2 lattice. H-ZSNFM has strong strength (5–8.4 MPa), high hydrophobic temperature resistance (450 °C), high porosity (89%), low density (40 mg/cm3), low thermal conductivity (30 mW/m·K), and excellent thermal radiation reflectivity (90%). By simulating the actual high-temperature and high-humidity environment, 10-mm-thick H-ZSNFMs can reduce the heat source from 1365 to 380 °C and maintain complete hydrophobicity even in a water vapor environment of 350 °C. This means that it has superior insulation and waterproof performance even in a high-temperature water environment. For firefighting clothing, H-ZSNFM displayed waterproof and insulation layers, which have excellent thermal protection performance and achieve incompatibility between water and fire, providing valuable time for fire rescue and a safety line of defense for emergency personnel. This design strategy with mechanical robust and hydrophobic temperature resistance applies to the development of many other types of high-performance thermal insulation materials and presents a competitive material system for thermal protection in extreme conditions.

Revealing Disparities in Porous Networks Between Yttria Aerogel Assemblies with Nanosheets and Nanoparticles and Their Ultrathermal Insulation and Optical Properties

“…The internal structure of an aerogel affects its heat transfer mechanism (Figure d). Thermal insulation performances were checked by heating on one side of Y 2 O 3 aerogels which has a diameter of 15 mm and a thickness of 10 mm and recording the temperature of the other side. − The heating source was an electric heating plate on which a zirconia fiber insulation board was placed as a mold, as shown in Figure a. The left sample was a nanosheet-Y 2 O 3 aerogel, while the right was a nanoparticle-Y 2 O 3 aerogel.…”

Advancements in Thermal Insulation through Ceramic Micro-Nanofiber Materials

“…Additionally, the membrane demonstrates a thermal conductivity ranging from 0.0287 to 0.0469 W•m −1 •K −1 . In a separate study, Peng [76] successfully fabricated a two-phase hydrophobic SiO 2 -ZrO 2 composite ceramic nanofiber membrane. The fiber membrane exhibits a considerable strength ranging from 5 to 8.4 MPa, along with a thermal conductivity of 0.030 W•m −1 •K −1 .…”