Dual-Polarized Microwave Imaging Probe

Abou‐Khousa, Mohamed A.; Rahman, Mohammed Saif ur; Xingyu, Xie

doi:10.1109/jsen.2018.2882695

Cited by 36 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The sample was scanned with a fixed SOD of 1 mm and a step size of 0.5 mm along the x and y directions. The sample was also imaged using a 24 circular aperture probe [18], an open-ended coaxial probe (OECP) [7] operating at 10 GHz, and a 24 GHz circular dual-polarized aperture probe (DPAP) [15]. The coaxial and dual-polarized probes have demonstrated significant utility for the detection of polarized targets irrespective of their relative orientations.…”

Section: Imaging Of Polarized Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The near-field microwave imaging probes developed in the past specifically for crack detection include coaxial probes [7], waveguide-fed aperture probes [8], aperture probes loaded with resonant structures [9]- [11], and printed planar imaging probes [12], [13]. In the particular problem of detecting polarized targets such as cracks, the probe is required to yield high sensitivity regardless of the target's orientation [14], [15]. The coaxial probes are capable of detecting cracks irrespective of their orientation [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The response of these probes is essentially polarizationdependent, whereby their sensitivity becomes a function of the relative orientation between the aperture's electric field vector and the target. For polarized targets such as cracks in metal, the probe yields the highest sensitivity when the aperture's dominant electric field vector is orthogonal to the crack length [14], [15]. Furthermore, the resolution of the aperture probes is limited by the aperture dimensions [16]- [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the planar resonator probes reported thus far yielded polarization-dependent response [13]. Recently, dual-polarized probes were developed to provide a detection irrespective of the target orientation [14], [15]. While these dual-polarized aperture probes provide high sensitivity, their resolution is limited by the aperture's dimensions, just like any other aperture probe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Resolution and Polarization Independent Microwave Near-Field Imaging Using Planar Resonator Probes

et al. 2020

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Various near-field microwave imaging probes were developed previously for nondestructive testing of material structures. Sensitivity and resolution are key parameters for quantifying the efficacy of a given imaging probe. For polarized targets like cracks, the sensitivity of conventional aperture probes depends on the relative orientation between the probe's electric-field vector and the target. In practice, target orientation is typically unknown. Furthermore, the imaging resolution of conventional aperture probes is limited to aperture dimensions. Obtaining imaging resolution in the order of few millimeters using conventional aperture probes requires operation at high frequencies, (above 30 GHz). In contrast, planar probes consisting of loops loaded with spiral resonators could provide resolution in the order of few millimeters while working at relatively low frequencies (below 1 GHz). Unlike conventional aperture probes, the radiated near-fields of these probes are characterized by two significant components oriented along orthogonal axes. Therefore, the probe intrinsically provides a polarization-independent response. In this paper, the near-field imaging resolution of the planar resonator probe is further enhanced, and its polarizationindependent response is demonstrated for the first time. The response of three planar probe prototypes of different dimensions is analyzed based on numerical simulation and experimental results. The performance of the probes is extensively evaluated by acquiring line-scans and 2D-images of metal and dielectric samples. The near-field images of the metal sample obtained using the planar probes working below 1 GHz are compared to the images obtained using aperture probes working at 24 GHz, 33 GHz, and 70 GHz. Furthermore, the probe imaging performance for a polarized target (i.e., narrow cuts) is compared to dualpolarized circular probe working at 24 GHz and open-ended coaxial probe working at 10 GHz. Overall, the proposed probe yielded more than twofold increase in the image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to all the probes utilized herein. INDEX TERMS non-destructive testing, microwave imaging, planar probe, near-field, polarization, spiral resonator This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.

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Section: Imaging Of Polarized Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Resolution and Polarization Independent Microwave Near-Field Imaging Using Planar Resonator Probes

et al. 2020

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“…Rectangular and circular apertures fed by waveguides have been utilized thoroughly as near-field imaging probes for numerous industrial applications [6], [14], [30], [37]. These probes are typically devised for imaging as they are relatively inexpensive and easy to fabricate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crack Detection and Corrosion Mapping Using Loaded-Aperture Microwave Probe

Rahman

Hassan

Abou‐Khousa

2022

IEEE Open J. Instrum. Meas.

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Employing circular aperture probes for microwave imaging in the near-field has been proven to render high resolution images of a variety of samples under test (SUT) when compared to the conventionally utilized rectangular aperture probes. In this paper, it is proposed to further enhance the near-field imaging resolution and sensitivity by loading the circular aperture (operating in the K-band frequency range) with a resonant iris. It is shown that the probe exhibits a confined and localized near-field distribution close to the iris opening, thereby improving its resolution and sensitivity. The design and analysis of the probe presented herein are aided by 3D electromagnetic simulations and validated experimentally. The spatial resolution of the probe is established through line scans of the probe over a pair of targets interspaced at known distances. To further demonstrate the utility of the probe in critical non-destructive testing (NDT) applications, a manufactured prototype is devised to detect cracks on metal structures and map corrosion areas hidden under paint layers. It is shown here that the proposed probe provides significant resolution and sensitivity improvement over the un-loaded circular aperture probe. Specifically, for crack detection, the proposed probe provides two-fold and more than three-fold improvement in the resolution and sensitivity, respectively. For corrosion mapping, the proposed probe yields 2 to 5 times higher image signal-to-noise ratio compared to the unloaded aperture probe.

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