Inflammation is closely related to a variety of fatal or chronic diseases. Hence, targeting inflammation provides an alternative approach to improve the therapeutic outcome of diseases such as solid tumors, neurological diseases, and metabolic diseases. Polysaccharides are natural components with immune regulation, anti‐virus, anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammation, and anti‐oxidation activities. Herein, this review highlights recent progress in the polysaccharide‐based drug delivery systems for achieving inflammation targeting and its related disease treatment. Moreover, the chemical modification and the construction of polysaccharide materials for drug delivery are discussed in detail.