Dual-Site Fluorescent Sensor as a Multiple Logic System for Studying the Dichotomous Function of Sulfur Dioxide under Oxidative Stress Induced by Peroxynitrite

Abstract

Intracellular reactive oxygen species and reactive sulfur play a vital role in regulating redox homeostasis and maintaining cell functions. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) has emerged as an important gas signal molecule recently, which is not only a potential reducing agent but also a potential inductor of oxidative stress in organisms. Due to high reactivity, peroxynitrite (ONOO–) could act on many biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and cause irreversible damage, eventually leading to cell apoptosis or necrosis. In order to further illuminate the dichotomous role of SO2 under oxidative stress induced by ONOO–, we designed the first dual-site fluorescent sensor (NIR-GYf) for separate or continuous detection of SO2 and ONOO–. NIR-GYf was successfully used for cell imaging of endogenous SO2 and ONOO–. In addition, western blotting analysis was used to verify the oxidation and antioxidation of SO2 and its dichotomous biological influence. Finally, NIR-GYf was integrated with multiple Boolean logic operations to construct an advanced analysis device, thereby realizing the direct analysis of SO2 and ONOO– levels.

New “Destruction Seek to Survive” Strategy Based on a Serum Albumin Assembly with a Squaraine Molecule for the Detection of Peroxynitrite

“…Experimental cells were pretreated with lipopolusaccharide (LPS), in which ONOO − was up-regulated accurately. 23,54 In contrast, the control group cells were pretreated with the ONOO − scavenger TEMPO (superoxide scavenger) 55 and amino guanidine (AG, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). 56 SQDC@BSA emitted strong red fluorescence in experimental group cells but showed very weak fluorescence in control group cells (Figures S15 and 16).…”

A Tool, an App and a Field: Fluorescent PET Sensors, Blood Electrolyte Analysis and Molecular Logic as Products of Supramolecular Photoscience from Northern Ireland and Sri Lanka

“…A strength of molecular logic devices is their operation in nanometric biocompatible spaces such as membranes, [93] cell surfaces [94] and inside living cells. [71,[95][96][97] Semiconductor logic devices [11] cannot function sustainably in these environments. Although the logical complexity of small-molecule systems is small, it can be sufficient to answer important questions in the cellular milieu.…”

“…Although the logical complexity of small-molecule systems is small, it can be sufficient to answer important questions in the cellular milieu. Currently available examples [71,[95][96][97] show the way to go.…”

Bifunctional Single-Molecular Fluorescent Probe: Visual Detection of Mitochondrial SO2 and Membrane Potential

“…Importantly, when MMP was decreased due to mitochondrial damage, TC-2 could escape from mitochondria to the nucleus with a prolonged fluorescence lifetime, which could be monitored efficiently by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Moreover, it was demonstrated that the concentration of SO 2 as an antioxidant increased when MMP decreased due to oxidative stress. , This work proposed a new strategy to fulfill the dual-detection of mitochondrial SO 2 and MMP, which would provide valuable insights for the study of mitochondrial-related diseases among various physiological and pathological processes.…”

“…Moreover, it was demonstrated that the concentration of SO 2 as an antioxidant increased when MMP decreased due to oxidative stress. 35,36 This work proposed a new strategy to fulfill the dual-detection of mitochondrial SO 2 and MMP, which would provide valuable insights for the study of mitochondrial-related diseases among various physiological and pathological processes.…”