Dual stage PRO process for power generation from different feed resources

Altaee, Ali; Sharif, Adel O.; Zaragoza, Guillermo; Hilal, Nidal

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2014.08.017

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Dual stage PRO process has been initially proposed for power generation using different feed sources [12]. However, the process applications can be extended to maximize power generation from a vast osmotic gradient resource such as highly concentrated ionic solution and Dead Sea water.…”

Section: High Performance Dual Stage Pro Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the open-loop dual stage PRO process, Dead Sea brine and seawater (TDS between 32 and 50 g/L) were used as the draw and feed solutions respectively. The impact of feed solution salinity, and operational parameters such as hydraulic pressure on the PRO performance was evaluated using a predeveloped model [12,13]. High water flux across the PRO membrane results in concentrative and dilutive concentration polarizations, respectively, at the feed and draw solution sides of the membrane [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RETRACTED: Limitations of osmotic gradient resource and hydraulic pressure on the efficiency of dual stage PRO process

Altaee

Sharif

Zaragoza³

2015

Renewable Energy

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a b s t r a c tDual stage PRO process has been proposed for power generation from a salinity gradient across a semipermeable membrane. Closed-loop and open-loop dual stage PRO system were evaluated using 2 M NaCl and Dead Sea as draw solutions whereas the feed solution was either fresh water or seawater. The impact of feed salinity gradient resource and feed pressure on the net power generation and water flux was evaluated. The results showed that power density in stage one reached a maximum amount atDP ¼ p/2 but the maximum net power generation occurred atDP < p/2. This was mainly attributed to the variation of net driving pressure in stage one and two of the PRO process. The dual stage PRO process was found to perform better at high osmotic pressure gradient across the PRO membrane, for example when Dead Sea brine or highly concentrated NaCl is the draw solution. Total power generation in the dual stage PRO process is up to 40% higher than that in the conventional PRO process. This was achieved through harvesting the rest of energy remaining in the diluted draw solution. Therefore, dual stage PRO process has the potential of maximizing power generation from a salinity gradient resource.Crown

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Section: High Performance Dual Stage Pro Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Limitations of osmotic gradient resource and hydraulic pressure on the efficiency of dual stage PRO process

Altaee

Sharif

Zaragoza³

2015

Renewable Energy

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“…The two-stage PRO configuration is demonstrated to reduce the irreversible energy losses and increase the energy harvesting efficiency. Very recently, a dual stage PRO process is proposed and experimentally studied by Altaee et al [37]. The experimental results showed that the power generation in the dual PRO process was higher than that in the conventional PRO process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Enhanced energy generation and membrane performance by two-stage pressure retarded osmosis (PRO)

Wang

Shaheed

2015

Desalination

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Power density, extractable energy and average power density are introduced.• Four different configurations of the proposed TwoPRO are proposed and analyzed.• CDCF, CDDF and DDCF have advantageous osmotic energy capacity.• At high dimensionless flow rate, CDCF and CDDF have high average power density. a b s t r a c tA systematic model of a salinity power plant involving two PRO (TwoPRO) modules is presented in this paper. The results clearly indicate that the performance of a PRO plant can be improved with a two-stage configuration. For comparison purposes, a single-stage PRO (SinglePRO) is first analyzed and optimized with respect to three key concepts, power density, extractable energy and average power density. The two-stage configuration of the TwoPRO is then studied using two schemes: continuous scheme in which the stream is treated as a continuous flow between the two stages and divided scheme in which the flow is divided first and separately treated in each stage. Accordingly, four different configurations are proposed, namely continuous draw and continuous feed solution (CDCF), divided draw and divided feed solution (DDDF), continuous draw and divided feed solution (CDDF), and divided draw and continuous feed solution (DDCF). The results indicate that the configurations CDCF, CDDF and DDCF have advantageous capacity in salinity energy harvesting. Configurations CDCF and CDDF also perform better than the single-stage PRO in terms of average power density with a higher feed solution flow ratio. Additionally, the membrane performance of the TwoPRO strengthens with higher level of membrane usage.Crown

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“…It was found that the configurations of the continuous draw and continuous feed solution (CDCF) and the continuous draw and divided feed solution (CDDF) were more beneficial than for single-stage PRO processes. The performance of two dual-stage PRO processes was also evaluated by Altaee and Hilal under two different configurations, denoted as an old dual-stage design and a new dual-stage design [64,65]. The difference between the two designs was the partial (old dual stage) or entire (new dual stage) utilization of seawater flow from the first PRO stage, which resulted in a 17.4% increase in the power density achieved with the new design.…”

Section: Numerical Studies Regarding Promentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Osmotic Energy Generation via Pressure-Retarded Osmosis (PRO): A Review

et al. 2015

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Global energy consumption has been highly dependent on fossil fuels which cause severe climate change and, therefore, the exploration of new technologies to produce effective renewable energy plays an important role in the world. Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is one of the promising candidates to reduce the reliance on fossil fuels by harnessing energy from the salinity gradient between seawater and fresh water. In PRO, water is transported though a semi-permeable membrane from a low-concentrated feed solution to a high-concentrated draw solution. The increased volumetric water flow then runs a hydro-turbine to generate power. PRO technology has rapidly improved in recent years; however, the commercial-scale PRO plant is yet to be developed. In this context, recent developments on the PRO process are reviewed in terms of mathematical models, membrane modules, process designs, numerical works, and fouling and cleaning. In addition, the research requirements to accelerate PRO commercialization are discussed. It is expected that this article can help comprehensively understand the PRO process and thereby provide essential information to activate further research and development. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 11822

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Dual stage PRO process for power generation from different feed resources

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

RETRACTED: Limitations of osmotic gradient resource and hydraulic pressure on the efficiency of dual stage PRO process

RETRACTED: Limitations of osmotic gradient resource and hydraulic pressure on the efficiency of dual stage PRO process

Enhanced energy generation and membrane performance by two-stage pressure retarded osmosis (PRO)

Recent Advances in Osmotic Energy Generation via Pressure-Retarded Osmosis (PRO): A Review

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