Durability of ETICS with Rendering in Norway—Experimental and Field Investigations

Kvande, Tore; Bakken, Noralf; Bergheim, Einar; Thue, Jan Vincent

doi:10.3390/buildings8070093

Cited by 54 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…ETICS presents a lack of robustness, regarding the exposure to environmental agents, specifically wind-driven rain. The resultant presence of damp in the system has been affecting its durability, not only in Nordic countries, but also in moderate climate areas with less precipitation, such as the Mediterranean region [88]. Damp has a key role in the degradation of ETICS [77].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Environmental Exposure Conditions on the Maintenance of Facades’ Claddings

et al. 2021

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Façades, as the most external building envelope component, are subject to different ex-ternal environmental loads, such as: Temperature, precipitation, damp, and wind. Therefore, the contribution of environmental actions to the occurrence of defects in façades claddings is an important subject of study since these actions strongly affect the degradation process and natural ageing of these components during their service life. In this study, a methodology to support decision-makers in the process of selecting a façade cladding system and the maintenance strategy to implement is presented and discussed. This methodology covers the performance of four façade claddings (ceramic tiling systems (CTS), natural stone claddings (NSC), external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS), and architectural concrete façades (ACF)) over time, according to three environmental exposure variables (exposure to damp, distance from the sea, and orientation). The databases were established based on the diagnosis of the degradation condition of these claddings in-service conditions, in Portugal. The results reveal that the environmental exposure variables have a significant impact on maintenance requirements and costs. For all the categories of the environmental exposure condition variables, under all scenarios, ETICS is the least favorable constructive solution while CTS is the most advantageous solution. Furthermore, the results show that properly implemented maintenance activities enhance the performance level of building components, which positively affects their degradation behavior over time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Environmental Exposure Conditions on the Maintenance of Facades’ Claddings

et al. 2021

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“…More and more frequently, ETICS is also being used to insulate walls in timber frame buildings [ 7 ]. Then, the thermal insulation material is fixed to the external wall sheathing ( Figure 1 b), which is usually made of oriented strand boards (OSB), fibre-reinforced gypsum boards (FGB) or cement-bonded particleboards (CPB), less often of fibre-reinforced cement boards or gypsum plasterboards [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Adhesive Bonds in a Mineral Wool-Based External Thermal Insulation Composite System for Timber Frame Buildings

Sudol

Kozikowska

2021

Materials

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This paper aims to provide a preliminary assessment of polyurethane adhesive applicability as an alternative to conventional cement-based adhesives used to fix thermal insulation materials to substrates concerning mineral wool-based external thermal insulation composite systems. Currently, polyurethane adhesives are only used in expanded polystyrene-based ETICS. This study discusses the suitability of polyurethane adhesive for ETICS with lamella mineral-wool for timber frame buildings. Bond strength, shear strength and shear modulus tests were conducted. In addition, microstructure and apparent density were analysed. Mechanical properties were analysed in terms of the influence of substrate type and thermal and moisture conditions, taking into account solutions typical for sheathing on timber frame (oriented strand boards (OSB), fibre-reinforced gypsum boards (FGB) and cement-bonded particleboards (CPB)), as well as limit conditions for adhesive application. It was found that PU adhesive can achieve adhesion, both to MW and OSB, and FGB and CPB at ≥ 80 kPa, which is considered satisfactory for PU adhesives for EPS-based ETICS. Favourable shear properties were also obtained. There was no significant effect of sheathing type on the properties considered, but the influence of temperature and relative humidity, in which the bonds were made, was spotted. The results obtained can be considered promising in further assessing the usefulness of PU adhesives for MW-based ETICS.

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“…In the last decades, with the increase of awareness of the concept of sustainability and the need of reducing the energy consumption in the construction sector [1], the application of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) has increased across Europe [2]. ETICS is an insulation system applied directly to façades, composed, in general, of a thermal insulation layer fastened to the substrate, a base coat and a finishing coat [2], being an excellent choice in rehabilitation [3,4]. According to the European Association for ETICS [2], their use decreases thermal transmission through the walls, allowing costs savings from heating and cooling of 50% or more (consequently, a reduction of the CO 2 emissions) and increasing the thermal comfort and indoor air quality of the buildings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condition-Based Maintenance Strategies to Enhance the Durability of ETICS

et al. 2021

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The increase of awareness with sustainability and the desire of reducing the energy consumption in the construction sector haved increased the application of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) across Europe in the last decades. Nevertheless, the implementation of appropriate maintenance strategies is still neglected. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of different maintenance strategies. For that purpose, a condition-based maintenance model, based on Petri nets, is used to evaluate three maintenance strategies: MS1—total replacement only; MS2—combination of minor intervention and total replacement; and MS3—combination of cleaning operations, minor intervention, and total replacement. In the end, a multi-criteria analysis is used to discuss the impact of the three maintenance strategies proposed, evaluating the remaining service life, the global costs over time, the ETICS’ degradation condition, and the number of replacements (end of service life) over the time horizon. For this purpose, a sample of 378 ETICS was analysed, based on in situ visual inspections, carried out in Portugal. The results from this study reveal that maintenance plays an important role to increase the durability of ETICS, and therefore their sustainability. Regular maintenance can promote the extension of the ETICS’s service life between 88% and 159% (between 15 to 27 years), improve the global degradation condition of the ETICS, and reduce the impact on users by reducing the number of deeper interventions. Further research is essential to optimise the maintenance strategies (time interval between inspections, stakeholders’ performance criteria, and environmental exposure).

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Durability of ETICS with Rendering in Norway—Experimental and Field Investigations

Cited by 54 publications

References 16 publications

Impact of Environmental Exposure Conditions on the Maintenance of Facades’ Claddings

Impact of Environmental Exposure Conditions on the Maintenance of Facades’ Claddings

Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Adhesive Bonds in a Mineral Wool-Based External Thermal Insulation Composite System for Timber Frame Buildings

Condition-Based Maintenance Strategies to Enhance the Durability of ETICS

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