Duration of spermatogenesis and relative frequency of each stage in the seminiferous epithelial cycle of the chimpanzee

Smithwick, Eleanor B.; Young, Leona G.; Gould, Kenneth G.

doi:10.1016/s0040-8166(96)80022-x

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In the bat species analyzed, the eight stages were identified and only one stage was found in a section of the seminiferous tubule. This was similar to observations in the majority of the mammals, except in hominids, where two or more stages are present in the same section of the seminiferous tubule, in a helical spiral arrangement (Smithwick et al, 1996;Wistuba et al, 2003). The number of recognized stages in the five species analyzed was similar to that observed in the pteropodid P. poliocephalus, and less than that observed in rhinopomatid R. kinneari and also in the pteropodid P. vampyrus that presented 11 stages and R. leschenaulti and Rhinolophus cornutus that presented 10 stages (Singwi and Lall, 1983;Saidapur and Patil, 1992;Morigaki et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Morphological characterization of the testicular cells and seminiferous epithelium cycle in six species of Neotropical bats

Beguelini

Moreira

Faria

et al. 2009

Journal of Morphology

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We know little about the process of spermatogenesis in bats, a great and diverse clade of mammals that presents different reproductive strategies. In the present study, spermatogenesis in six species of Neotropical bats was investigated by light microscopy. On the basis of chromatin condensation, nuclear morphology, relative position to the basal membrane and formation of the flagellum, three types of spermatogonia were recognized: dark type A (A(d)), pale type A (A(p)), and type B; the development of spermatids was divided into seven steps. With the exception of Myotis nigricans, the seminiferous epithelium cycle of the other five species studied was similar to those of other mammals, showing gradual stages by the tubular morphology method. Asynchrony was observed in the seminiferous epithelium cycle of M. nigricans, shown by overlapping stages and undefined cycles. The frequencies found in the three phases of the cycle were variable with the greatest frequency occurring in the postmeiotic phase (>50%) and the least in the meiotic phase (<10%). The similarities observed in the five species of Phyllostomidae appeared to be related to their phylogenetic relationship and shorter divergence times, whereas the differences in M. nigricans appeared to be related to its greater phylogenetic distance because the Vespertilionidae family diverged earlier.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Morphological characterization of the testicular cells and seminiferous epithelium cycle in six species of Neotropical bats

Beguelini

Moreira

Faria

et al. 2009

Journal of Morphology

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“…In M. radiata the spermatogenic stage was mixed with a frequency of 38% multistage. It has been proposed that the single-stage versus multistage arrangement was related to spermatogenic efficiency and that the multistage arrangement was typical of hominids (Smithwick et al 1996) and predominant single-stage tubular organization represents the ancestral state (Wistuba et al 2003). The highest degree of multistage complexity was found in Hominoidea (except orangutan).…”

Section: Male Reproductive System In Bonnet Monkey 57mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical aspects of the male reproductive system in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata)

2009

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The normal anatomy of the male reproductive system in Macaca radiata is presented here. The external genitalia consist of a triangular button-shaped glans penis. The corpus cavernosum, and spongiosum form the vascular component of the penis and the baculum or os penis forms the non-vascular erectile component. The baculum is one of the longest in the genus macaques. The scrotal sac is non-pigmented, slightly pendulous, with scattered hairs, faintly corrugated, and does not reach the ischial callosities in the sitting posture. The testicles are ovoid in shape without appendix. Right and left testicular arteries originate at the level of the inter-vertebral disc between T12-L1 and L2-L3, respectively. Seminiferous tubules present mixed stages of spermatogenesis, i.e. single/multistage. The epididymis is crescent shaped, attached to the postero-lateral border of the testis without an appendix. Light microscopic observation revealed a characteristic high columnar epithelium with stereocilia. Clear cells or light cells are seen in the caudal region. The ductus deferens display a lumen lined by pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium separated by concentric layers of smooth muscle cells covered by serosa. The seminal vesicles are pyramidal in shape, prominently projecting above the urinary bladder, and are the largest of the accessory glands, typical of polyandrous primate genera. The prostate is conical in shape. Its base is in contact with the trigone of the bladder. Its posterior surface shows a transverse cleft separating an upper quarter, the cranial lobe, from the lower three-quarters of the gland. Compared with other macaques there are many distinguishing features in M. radiata. Excellent adaptability and spermatogenic efficiency in the laboratory environment makes this animal a good primate model for andrological research.

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“…Clermont, 1972 ;Hearn et al, 1978 ;Preslock & Steinberger, 1978;Akhtar et al, 1982 ;Marshall, Wickings & Nieschlag, 1984;Pasqualini, Colillas & Rivarola, 1986;Rey et al, 1993 ;Millar et al, 2000;Black & Lane, 2002 ;Ginther et al, 2002 ;Peng et al, 2002;Narula et al, 2002) and spermatogenesis has been examined and described in detail for some primate species (e.g. Clermont & Leblond, 1959;Clermont & Antar, 1973;Chowdhury & Marshall, 1980 ;Dietrich, Schulze & Riemer, 1986;Smithwick, Young & Gould, 1996;Zhengwei et al, 1997;Aslam et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primate spermato gene sis: new insights into comparative testicular organisation, spermatogenic efficiency and endocrine control

Luetjens¹,

Weinbauer

Wistuba³

2005

Biological Reviews

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Owing to the close phylogenetic relationship of Platyrrhini (New World monkeys) and Catarrhini (Old World monkeys) to man, nonhuman primates are often used as models for the study of male reproductive physiology and endocrinology. This review aims at providing new data and insights into comparative primate spermatogenesis, dealing specifically with quantitative aspects of germinal epithelial organisation and germ cell production, and with the roles of gonadotrophic hormones in this process. Typically, the seminiferous epithelium is composed of specific germ cell associations (spermatogenic stages). In rodents, prosimians and most Catarrhini, tubular cross sections contain a single spermatogenic stage whereas in Platyrrhini, great apes and man multi-stage tubules are present. Since Platyrrhini represent a more basal type of primate, this spermatogenic feature must have developed convergently. The primate multi-stage tubular arrangement was previously believed to be associated with low spermatogenic efficiency. However, recent studies using new methodological approaches and comparing primate species from all taxa have revealed that multistage organisation is compatible with highly efficient spermatogenesis. In fact, meta-analysis demonstrated that the efficiency of spermatogenesis in several nonhuman primate species is comparable to that of rodents which are considered as species with highly efficient germ cell production. The duration of the spermatogenic process was not related to organisation or efficiency of spermatogenesis. Sertoli cell work load was species-specific but had no impact on germ cell numbers and on the efficiency of spermatogenesis. The gonadotrophic hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) are the primary regulators of primate testicular function. Recent studies revealed that in New World monkeys chorionic gonadotrophin (CG)--the primate pregnancy hormone--regulates testosterone production instead of LH. Receptor studies demonstrated a dual action of the closely related hormones LH and CG in primates. It is hypothesised that following the divergence of the Platyrrhini lineage from Catarrhini, the LH/CG system evolved independently with ancestral functions of the LH/CG system retained in the neotropical taxa. In summary, key spermatogenic features are preserved across all primate taxa whereas male reproductive endocrinology features appear substantially different in the neotropical primates compared to other primate lineages.

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Duration of spermatogenesis and relative frequency of each stage in the seminiferous epithelial cycle of the chimpanzee

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Morphological characterization of the testicular cells and seminiferous epithelium cycle in six species of Neotropical bats

Morphological characterization of the testicular cells and seminiferous epithelium cycle in six species of Neotropical bats

Anatomical aspects of the male reproductive system in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata)

Primate spermato gene sis: new insights into comparative testicular organisation, spermatogenic efficiency and endocrine control

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