Dust Particle Size Distributions during Spring in Yinchuan, China

Shao, Jiangfeng; Mao, Jiandong

doi:10.1155/2016/6940502

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…9(b)). No data could be found for other windblown dust events levels in this location, but international studies of windblown dusts have recorded episodic PM 10 levels of the same order of magnitude, 1-40 mg m -3 (Baddock et al, 2014;Shao et al, 2016). Another potential source of large crustal particles is re-entrainment from deposits collected inside the VSCC, e.g., from the grit pot downstream of the cyclone.…”

Section: Filters From May 2013mentioning

confidence: 82%

Source Identification on High PM2.5 Days Using SEM/EDS, XRF, Raman, and Windblown Dust Modeling

Wagner

Wang

Ghosal

et al. 2019

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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When community exposures to PM 2.5 are high, identification of the particle sources enables more effective control and assessment of health impacts. This study demonstrates forensic particle analysis methods that can be used when only limited, archived samples are available. Federal reference method (FRM) filters from seven high PM 2.5 days were analyzed using optical and electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and Raman micro-spectroscopy to determine individual particle morphology and composition, together with supplemental wind roses, GIS mapping, FRM inlet penetration calculations, and windblown dust modeling. This approach identified three distinct sources of high PM 2.5 measurements: 1) local, windblown dust from an atypical direction, consistent with modeling predictions for a normally operating PM 2.5 inlet challenged with a high concentration of windblown dust particles, potentially enhanced by re-entrainment of particles from within the inlet, 2) wintertime, regional, hygroscopic, nitrogen-and sulfur-rich salts, consistent with ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, and 3) sampling or documentation error. This approach can be used in any location in which regulatory PM filters and other air quality data are available.

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Section: Filters From May 2013mentioning

confidence: 82%

Source Identification on High PM2.5 Days Using SEM/EDS, XRF, Raman, and Windblown Dust Modeling

Wagner

Wang

Ghosal

et al. 2019

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…298 largest because of the strong scattering for strong solar flux and large particles. However, the radius 299 of most particles is not beyond the range that we used in this study [61,62]. Therefore, we can see that…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…When the value of SZA is small and R e is large, the relative errors are largest because of the strong scattering for strong solar flux and large particles. However, the radius of most particles is not beyond the range that we used in this study [61,62]. Therefore, we can see that the error caused by using the parameterized SSPs of dust in the SW RF calculation is very small.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

Parameterization of The Single-Scattering Properties of Dust Aerosols in Radiative Flux Calculations

Wang

Jing

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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In this study, we present parameterization schemes of dust single-scattering properties (SSPs) in order to establish a fast and accurate way to obtain the SSPs for dust shortwave radiative flux calculation. Based on the assumption that dust particles are spheroids, we represent a single nonspherical particle with a collection of monodisperse spheres that contain the same total surface area and volume as the original particle to convert the spheroid to a sphere. The SSPs of dust particles were parameterized in terms of the effective radius (R e ) and imaginary part of the refractive index (M i ). The averaged relative errors of the parameterized to the "exact" single-scattering properties, which refer to the results from the Mie theory program, are below 1.5%. To further quantify the impact of parametrization on the radiative flux simulation, we computed the radiative fluxes at both the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and the surface by using SSPs from the parameterization and the "exact", respectively. The maximum relative errors were below 1% at both the TOA and the surface, proving that the SSPs of dust calculated by our parameterization schemes are well suited for radiative flux calculations. This parameterization differs from previous works by being formulated not only with R e but also with M i . We also investigated the sensitivity of dust-aerosol forcing to R e , M i , optical depth (τ), and solar zenith angle (SZA). The results show that the value of shortwave (SW) radiative forcing (RF) at the TOA changes from negative to positive as the M i is increasing, which means that, as the absorption of dust particles becomes stronger, more energy is kept in the atmosphere to heat the earth-atmosphere system. The SW RF gradually becomes less negative at the TOA and more negative at the surface with increasing R e , due to the decreases of reflection and transmission along with the single-scattering albedo decreasing. As the optical depth increases, the values of the SW RF decrease because of the strong attenuation for heavy loading. When SZA increases, the SW RF becomes more negative at both the TOA and the surface due to the long optical path at a large SZA. The errors induced from the parameterized SSPs of dust in the SW RF calculation are very small, which are less than 2.1%, demonstrating the accuracy of the parameterization and its reliability for climate model applications.

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“…High wind speed enhancing the height of planetary boundary layer (PBL) tend to occur in spring over northern China [139], which are favorable for the dust particles to be lofted into the free troposphere. These events were also analyzed in terms of emissions size distributions in Yinchuan, China close to Inner Mongolia [140], showing a bi-modal emission shape of the mass particle size distributions (PSD), but very different according their emission conditions (background, floating dust, blowing dust, and dust storm), these two modes are located at 3-4 µm and around 10 µm in diameter. However, from in situ measurements compiled close to North African source regions [141], an emission mode is usually observed around 10 µm.…”

Section: Dust Outbreaks Over Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of the CHIMERE Chemistry Transport Model to Simulate Dust Outbreaks across the Northern Hemisphere in March 2014

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Mineral dust is one of the most important aerosols over the world, affecting health and climate. These mineral particles are mainly emitted over arid areas but may be long-range transported, impacting the local budget of air quality in urban areas. While models were extensively used to study a single specific event, or make a global analysis at coarse resolution, the goal of our study is to simultaneously focus on several affected areas-Europe, North America, Central Asia, east China and the Caribbean area-for a one-month period, March 2014, avoiding any parameter fitting to better simulate a single dust outbreak. The simulation is performed for the first time with the hemispheric version of the CHIMERE model, with a high horizontal resolution (about 10 km). In this study, an overview of several simultaneous dust outbreaks over the Northern Hemisphere is proposed to assess the capability of such modeling tools to predict dust pollution events. A quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the most striking episodes is presented with comparisons to satellite data, ground based particulate matter and calcium measurements. Despite some overestimation of dust concentrations far from emission source areas, the model can simulate the timing of the arrival of dust outbreaks on observational sites. For instance, several spectacular dust storms in the US and China are rather well captured by the models. The high resolution provides a better description and understanding of the orographic effects and the long-range transport of dust plumes.

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Dust Particle Size Distributions during Spring in Yinchuan, China

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Source Identification on High PM2.5 Days Using SEM/EDS, XRF, Raman, and Windblown Dust Modeling

Source Identification on High PM2.5 Days Using SEM/EDS, XRF, Raman, and Windblown Dust Modeling

Parameterization of The Single-Scattering Properties of Dust Aerosols in Radiative Flux Calculations

An Evaluation of the CHIMERE Chemistry Transport Model to Simulate Dust Outbreaks across the Northern Hemisphere in March 2014

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