Dye degradation in aqueous solution by dithionite/UV-C advanced reduction process (ARP): Kinetic study, dechlorination, degradation pathway and mechanism
“…Cao and colleagues reported that removal efficiency increased with increasing F–53B initial concentration 28 . However, Yazdanbakhsh et al presented the opposite result that the removal efficiency of acid yellow 17 dye decreased with increasing initial concentration by the dithionite/UV-C advanced reduction process, which is caused by a decrease in the quantum yield of dithionite ion photolysis into sulfur dioxide radicals 18 . Figure 7 Degradation of atrazine by sulfite/iodide/UV process at different concentrations (pH: 7, [ ] and [ ]: 1 mM, time: 60 min).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…13 and 14 ), but only is capable of quenching (Eqs. 15 and 16 ) 18 , 20 , 22 . Therefore, according to the inhibitory effect of these two scavengers, the role and can be determined in the degradation process.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To investigate the oxidative species, methanol (75 mM) and ethanol (50 mM) were separately added into the reaction solution as scavengers. Methanol and ethanol would react with • OH while only methanol would react with 18 , 40 , 47 . According to (Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…( 7 ) and ( 8 ). where P, t, V, C 0 , C t , k obs and E EO are the power of UV lamp (kW), irradiation time (h), solution volume (m 3 ), the initial concentration and final concentration at time t, the pseudo-first-order rate constant (min −1 ) and electrical energy per order (kWh/m 3 ), respectively 18 , 36 .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Today, a new technology called advanced reduction processes (ARPs) has been developed alongside advanced oxidation processes )AOPs) 16 , 17 . ARPs have proven to be very successful in degrading various pollutants such as acid yellow 17 dye 18 ,vinyl chloride 19 , bromate 20 , perchlorate 21 , diclofenac 22 , 1,2-dichloroethane 23 , pyridine 24 , 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol 25 and hexavalent chromium 23 . ARPs, with a combination of activation methods and reducing agents, lead to the production of highly reactive free radicals that can decompose pollutants 16 , 26 .…”
Due to its widespread use in agriculture, atrazine has entered aquatic environments and thus poses potential risks to public health. Therefore, researchers have done many studies to remove it. Advanced reduction process (ARP) is an emerging technology for degrading organic contaminants from aqueous solutions. This study was aimed at evaluating the degradation of atrazine via sulfite/iodide/UV process. The best performance (96% of atrazine degradation) was observed in the neutral pH at 60 min of reaction time, with atrazine concentration of 10 mg/L and concentration of sulfite and iodide of 1 mM. The kinetic study revealed that the removal of atrazine was matched with the pseudo-first-order model. Results have shown that reduction induced by $${{\text{e}}}_{{\text{aq}}}^{-}$$
e
aq
-
and direct photolysis dominated the degradation of atrazine. The presence of anions ($${{\text{Cl}}}^{-}$$
Cl
-
,$${{\text{CO}}}_{3}^{2-}$$
CO
3
2
-
and $${{\text{SO}}}_{4}^{2-}$$
SO
4
2
-
) did not have a significant effect on the degradation efficiency. In optimal conditions, COD and TOC removal efficiency were obtained at 32% and 4%, respectively. Atrazine degradation intermediates were generated by de-chlorination, hydroxylation, de-alkylation, and oxidation reactions. Overall, this research illustrated that Sulfite/iodide/UV process could be a promising approach for atrazine removal and similar contaminants from aqueous solutions.
“…Cao and colleagues reported that removal efficiency increased with increasing F–53B initial concentration 28 . However, Yazdanbakhsh et al presented the opposite result that the removal efficiency of acid yellow 17 dye decreased with increasing initial concentration by the dithionite/UV-C advanced reduction process, which is caused by a decrease in the quantum yield of dithionite ion photolysis into sulfur dioxide radicals 18 . Figure 7 Degradation of atrazine by sulfite/iodide/UV process at different concentrations (pH: 7, [ ] and [ ]: 1 mM, time: 60 min).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…13 and 14 ), but only is capable of quenching (Eqs. 15 and 16 ) 18 , 20 , 22 . Therefore, according to the inhibitory effect of these two scavengers, the role and can be determined in the degradation process.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To investigate the oxidative species, methanol (75 mM) and ethanol (50 mM) were separately added into the reaction solution as scavengers. Methanol and ethanol would react with • OH while only methanol would react with 18 , 40 , 47 . According to (Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…( 7 ) and ( 8 ). where P, t, V, C 0 , C t , k obs and E EO are the power of UV lamp (kW), irradiation time (h), solution volume (m 3 ), the initial concentration and final concentration at time t, the pseudo-first-order rate constant (min −1 ) and electrical energy per order (kWh/m 3 ), respectively 18 , 36 .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Today, a new technology called advanced reduction processes (ARPs) has been developed alongside advanced oxidation processes )AOPs) 16 , 17 . ARPs have proven to be very successful in degrading various pollutants such as acid yellow 17 dye 18 ,vinyl chloride 19 , bromate 20 , perchlorate 21 , diclofenac 22 , 1,2-dichloroethane 23 , pyridine 24 , 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol 25 and hexavalent chromium 23 . ARPs, with a combination of activation methods and reducing agents, lead to the production of highly reactive free radicals that can decompose pollutants 16 , 26 .…”
Due to its widespread use in agriculture, atrazine has entered aquatic environments and thus poses potential risks to public health. Therefore, researchers have done many studies to remove it. Advanced reduction process (ARP) is an emerging technology for degrading organic contaminants from aqueous solutions. This study was aimed at evaluating the degradation of atrazine via sulfite/iodide/UV process. The best performance (96% of atrazine degradation) was observed in the neutral pH at 60 min of reaction time, with atrazine concentration of 10 mg/L and concentration of sulfite and iodide of 1 mM. The kinetic study revealed that the removal of atrazine was matched with the pseudo-first-order model. Results have shown that reduction induced by $${{\text{e}}}_{{\text{aq}}}^{-}$$
e
aq
-
and direct photolysis dominated the degradation of atrazine. The presence of anions ($${{\text{Cl}}}^{-}$$
Cl
-
,$${{\text{CO}}}_{3}^{2-}$$
CO
3
2
-
and $${{\text{SO}}}_{4}^{2-}$$
SO
4
2
-
) did not have a significant effect on the degradation efficiency. In optimal conditions, COD and TOC removal efficiency were obtained at 32% and 4%, respectively. Atrazine degradation intermediates were generated by de-chlorination, hydroxylation, de-alkylation, and oxidation reactions. Overall, this research illustrated that Sulfite/iodide/UV process could be a promising approach for atrazine removal and similar contaminants from aqueous solutions.
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