Dyes Removal Using Novel Sorbents – A Review

Abstract

Efficient and economical treatment for color removal in the effluent of dyeing units and the dyestuff production units have always need an emerging technologies. In general physical methods such as adsorption, ion exchange and filtration/coagulation methods, chemical methods like ionization, Fenton reagent, photo catalytic & biological processes namely aerobic/anaerobic degradation, biosorption are used for dye removal. Adsorption using solid materials (i.e.) adsorbents, considered as an effective process for color removal, because of its higher efficiency over other processes. Researchers made an attempt to use various non-conventional, low-cost, naturally-occurring biomasses as adsorbent, which may be mineral, organic or biological materials. These include fruit peels, seeds, leaves, bark, sawdust, straw, ash sludge and other materials that are available in abundant quantity. The various methods showed the color removal capability of adsorbents; mainly based on the processing methods and the variety of dye. In this review, various dye adsorbents and their capacity for removing the dyes from various effluents is highlighted.

Use of <i>Eichhornia Crassipes</i> as a Bioadsorbent for the Removal of Methyl Orange and Methylene Blue Present in Residual Solutions

“…It is known that the industrial and agricultural sector consume more than 90% of the water available to living beings [Marquez et al, 2021;Rashid et al, 2019] with which large amounts of wastewater are produced, around 50% of wich are discharged into the public sewer causing damage to health [Marquez et al, 2021;Rashid et al, 2019]. Industries such as cosmetics, food, biomedicine, paper, and textiles use dyes to produce their products generating around 10 thousand tons/year of waste [Uddin et al, 2021;Amalraj et al, 2021;Kadhom et al, 2020]. This has caused several problems due to toxicity, low biodegradation on the entire ecosystem around this discharge of the dyes due to their direct interference in the photosynthesis process, in addition to causing various diseases to humans in the skin and respiratory system [Panneerselvam et al, 2021;Marquez et al, 2021;Amalraj et al, 2021;Bożęcka et al, 2021].…”

“…Industries such as cosmetics, food, biomedicine, paper, and textiles use dyes to produce their products generating around 10 thousand tons/year of waste [Uddin et al, 2021;Amalraj et al, 2021;Kadhom et al, 2020]. This has caused several problems due to toxicity, low biodegradation on the entire ecosystem around this discharge of the dyes due to their direct interference in the photosynthesis process, in addition to causing various diseases to humans in the skin and respiratory system [Panneerselvam et al, 2021;Marquez et al, 2021;Amalraj et al, 2021;Bożęcka et al, 2021]. Dyes are divided into anionic (acid dyes), nonionic (dispersed) and cationic (basic dyes), among them are methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) which have a similar molecular mass [Kadhom et al, 2020;Lacin et al, 2020;Uddin et al 2021].…”

“…Dyes are divided into anionic (acid dyes), nonionic (dispersed) and cationic (basic dyes), among them are methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) which have a similar molecular mass [Kadhom et al, 2020;Lacin et al, 2020;Uddin et al 2021]. MB is a cationic dye used in different products as chemical, medical, and biological applications its chemical structure makes it difficult to remove [Amalraj et al, 2021;Bożęcka et al, 2021;Kadhom et al, 2020] and MO is an anionic dye that is used for dyeing and due to its poor biochemical purification it is very difficult to degrade [Zhang et al, 2019;Amalraj et al, 2021;Bożęcka et al, 2021]. Several methods have been proposed for the removal of various dyes: physicochemical (filtration, osmosis, dialysis, etc.…”

“…There are conventional adsorbents such as clays, zeolites, low-cost and high-abundance mesoporous materials, however, the search for new materials that have a similar adsorption capacity and a high removal percentage has been carried out in recent decades [Lacin et al, 2020;Márquez et al, 2021;Amalraj et al, 2021], The agro-industrial waste have a very low cost such as peanut shells, wheat, tamarind, rice, orange, egg, walnut, etc., have been shown to have a removal capacity very similar to conventional adsorbents for the elimination of heavy metals, dyes, etc. [Saini et Within the management of plants for the adsorption process, one that has attracted attention is the Water Lily (Eichhornia crassipes), wich is a freshwater plant that floats freely in rivers, lakes, a lagoon that has high available due to its rapid growth and its great adaptability to many ecosystems, causing it to become an invasive species since it increases the evapotranspiration process and, interferes with human activities causing economic losses [Priya et al, 2017;Tabinda et al, 2019;Panneerselvam et al, 2021].…”

Removal of Anionic and Cationic Dyes Present in Solution Using Biomass of Eichhornia crassipes as Bioadsorbent

“…Due to the great concern that these colorants represent, various conventional physical-chemical processes have been used (coagulation, photocatalytic, ion exchange, flocculation, adsorption, membrane filtration, and irradiation), to remove them from water obtaining a good decolorization efficiency [ 18 , 19 ]. Nevertheless, these proceeds have two main limitations: production of by-products and the high cost of maintenance [ 2 , 5 , 18 ].…”