“…Griffiths, Paiboon, Huang, and Fenton (2008) employed a probabilistic approach to analyze the behavior of laterally loaded piles supported by random Winkler soil. The linear dynamic response of pipes resting on random soil has also been studied (Nedjar, Hamane, Bensafi, Elachachi, & Breysse, 2007;Seguini & Nedjar, 2020). Additionally, various models have been developed to assess the probabilistic behavior of pipes.…”