Dynamic anthropogenic edge effects on the distribution and diversity of fungi in fragmented old‐growth forests

Ruete, Alejandro; Snäll, Tord; Jönsson, Mari

doi:10.1890/15-1271

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…; Magura, Tóthmérész & Molnár ; Laurance et al . ; Ruete, Snäll & Jönsson ). Hence, as the fragment core : edge ratio declines with decreasing fragment size, the ratio of generalist to specialist species is likely to increase (Humphreys & Kitchener ; Magura, Tóthmérész & Molnár ; Matthews, Cottee‐Jones & Whittaker ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). Degrading the effects of fragmentation are typically most influential in small and isolated forest remnants (Laurance & Yensen ; Magura, Tóthmérész & Molnár ; Berglund & Jonsson ; Ruete, Snäll & Jönsson ), and these effects magnify with the passage of time (Haddad et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For many sessile forest species, edge influence may be even more detrimental than the effects of habitat loss and isolation (Moen & Jonsson ). Declines in abundance of old‐growth forests species due to changes in substrate quality and exposure in close proximity to younger clear‐cut edges can be expected (Stokland & Kauserud ; Ruete, Snäll & Jönsson ). At the same time, edge effects can result in an influx of generalist species or species adapted to specific conditions found at the interface between two environments (Duelli et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generalist and specialist wood fungi are known to respond differently to old‐growth forest amount and isolation (Nordén et al . ), but little is known about their response to edge effects (Snäll & Jonsson ; Junninen & Komonen ; Crockatt ; Abrego & Salcedo ; Ruete, Snäll & Jönsson ). However, through a recent study we do know that anthropogenic edges create transient edge‐to‐interior gradients that at least temporally (within a time window of 40 years) reduces the occupancy of indicator fungi while increasing the occupancy of common fungi (Ruete, Snäll & Jönsson ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), but little is known about their response to edge effects (Snäll & Jonsson ; Junninen & Komonen ; Crockatt ; Abrego & Salcedo ; Ruete, Snäll & Jönsson ). However, through a recent study we do know that anthropogenic edges create transient edge‐to‐interior gradients that at least temporally (within a time window of 40 years) reduces the occupancy of indicator fungi while increasing the occupancy of common fungi (Ruete, Snäll & Jönsson ). These new insights on the spatio‐temporal role of edges on deadwood‐dwelling fungi allowed us to parameterize models for the dynamic impact of anthropogenic edges surrounding forest fragments of different sizes on the number and occupancy of logs by fungi, at time‐scales relevant from a forest management perspective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting long‐term effects of transient anthropogenic edges and forest fragment size on generalist and specialist deadwood‐dwelling fungi

Ruete

Snäll

Jonsson

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary Forests are becoming increasingly fragmented world‐wide, creating forest patches with reduced area and greater exposure to human land uses along fragment edges. In this study, we predict the future impacts of anthropogenic edges and fragment size on the future occupancy of deadwood‐dwelling fungi in boreal old‐growth forest fragments. We used Bayesian models fitted to empirical data to predict 40 years of occupancy dynamics of logs by a group of old‐growth forest indicator fungi and two common fungi under different scenarios of clear‐cutting in adjacent forest (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%) and fragment sizes (1–20 ha). Small fragment size (1–3·14 ha) and intensified forestry with 50–100% clear‐cutting of forest around old‐growth forest fragments lead to lower predicted occupancy of old‐growth indicator fungi while common generalist species like Fomitopsis pinicola increased. There was a trade‐off between fragment size and management, where increasing fragment size buffered the negative long‐term effects from increased adjacent clear‐cutting. These changes in fungal occupancy at the edge should be accounted for when working towards conservation targets for protected areas, such as the Aichi target 11. Synthesis and applications. Preserve what is left – but buffer for change. Small forest fragments often represent the last vestiges of high habitat quality (i.e. species, structures) in managed forest landscapes. As effective area‐based conservation measures for the long‐term occupancy of old‐growth fungi, small fragments need to be managed to protect species from degrading transient edge effects. Management should focus on increasing the size of conservation areas with permanent buffer zones. Alternatively, non‐simultaneous adjacent clear‐cutting in a way that reduces the edge effect over time (i.e. dynamic buffers) may increase the effective area and improve performance of set‐asides in protecting species of special concern for conservation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting long‐term effects of transient anthropogenic edges and forest fragment size on generalist and specialist deadwood‐dwelling fungi

Ruete

Snäll

Jonsson

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Forest management could counteract distribution retractions forced by climate change

Mair

Harrison

Räty

et al. 2017

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. Climate change is expected to drive the distribution retraction of northern species. However, particularly in regions with a history of intensive exploitation, changes in habitat management could facilitate distribution expansions counter to expectations under climate change. Here, we test the potential for future forest management to facilitate the southward expansion of an old-forest species from the boreal region into the boreo-nemoral region, contrary to expectations under climate change. We used an ensemble of species distribution models based on citizen science data to project the response of Phellinus ferrugineofuscus, a redlisted old-growth indicator, wood-decaying fungus, to six forest management and climate change scenarios. We projected change in habitat suitability across the boreal and boreonemoral regions of Sweden for the period 2020-2100. Scenarios varied in the proportion of forest set aside from production, the level of timber extraction, and the magnitude of climate change. Habitat suitabilities for the study species were projected to show larger relative increases over time in the boreo-nemoral region compared to the boreal region, under all scenarios. By 2100, mean suitabilities in set-aside forest in the boreo-nemoral region were similar to the suitabilities projected for set-aside forest in the boreal region in 2020, suggesting that occurrence in the boreo-nemoral region could be increased. However, across all scenarios, consistently higher projected suitabilities in set-aside forest in the boreal region indicated that the boreal region remained the species stronghold. Furthermore, negative effects of climate change were evident in the boreal region, and projections suggested that climatic changes may eventually counteract the positive effects of forest management in the boreo-nemoral region. Our results suggest that the current rarity of this old-growth indicator species in the boreo-nemoral region may be due to the history of intensive forestry. Forest management therefore has the potential to compensate for the negative effects of climate change. However, increased occurrence at the southern range edge would depend on the dispersal and colonization ability of the species. An increase in the amount of set-aside forest across both the boreal and boreonemoral regions is therefore likely to be required to prevent the decline of old-forest species under climate change.

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Biodiversity

Koivula,

Felton,

Jönsson

et al. 2024

Managing Forest Ecosystems

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This chapter summarises biodiversity responses to continuous cover forestry (CCF). The comparator throughout this chapter is rotation forestry (RF) and its main harvesting method—clearcutting—unless otherwise stated. Research on the biodiversity effects of logging methods applied in CCF (mostly selection or gap cutting) mainly concerns the short-term effects of measures taken in mature, originally fairly even-aged forests, at best 10–15 years after cutting. Thus far, no surveys or chronosequences cover the whole rotation period (60–100 years). Continuous cover forestry is likely to benefit species that suffer when the tree cover is removed, such as bilberry and its associated species. Species requiring spatial continuity in host trees or canopy cover may also benefit. Selection cutting may preserve the majority of species in the mature forest, but the most sensitive species may decline or even disappear. Gap cutting (diameter 20–50 m) affects forest-interior species relatively little, but species’ abundances in gaps change with increasing gap size. Shelterwood cutting seems to closely resemble selection cutting in terms of species responses. In the long term, however, shelterwood cutting results in an even-aged and sparse overstorey, which does not produce the biodiversity benefits of CCF. Species that have declined due to forestry mostly require large living and dead trees. The preservation of these species is not ensured by CCF alone, but requires deliberately maintaining these structural features. A mosaic of different forest-management practices within landscapes may provide complementary ways to maintain rich biodiversity.

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Dynamic anthropogenic edge effects on the distribution and diversity of fungi in fragmented old‐growth forests

Cited by 25 publications

References 51 publications

Contrasting long‐term effects of transient anthropogenic edges and forest fragment size on generalist and specialist deadwood‐dwelling fungi

Contrasting long‐term effects of transient anthropogenic edges and forest fragment size on generalist and specialist deadwood‐dwelling fungi

Forest management could counteract distribution retractions forced by climate change

Biodiversity

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