Dynamic Changes of Lymphocyte Subsets in the Course of COVID-19

Rezaei, Mitra; Marjani, Majid; Mahmoudi, Shima; Mortaz, Esmaeil; Mansouri, Davood

doi:10.1159/000514202

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…The early activation phenotype in CD8 is defined by CD38 and HLA-DR expression [ 42 ]. Recently, an increase in the frequency of CD8 + CD38 + HLADR + cells in patients with COVID-19 disease and fatal outcomes has been confirmed [ 43 , 44 ]. In the present work, the severe group presented an increased frequency of CD8 + CD38 + HLADR + cells at admission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate and Adaptive Immune Assessment at Admission to Predict Clinical Outcome in COVID-19 Patients

et al. 2021

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, many studies have been carried out to evaluate different immune system components to search for prognostic biomarkers of the disease. A broad multiparametric antibody panel of cellular and humoral components of the innate and the adaptative immune response in patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infection has been evaluated in this study. A total of 155 patients were studied at admission into our center and were categorized according to the requirement of oxygen therapy as mild or severe (the latter being those with the requirement). The patients with severe disease were older and had high ferritin, D-dimer, C-reactive protein, troponin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and neutrophilia with lymphopenia at admission. Moreover, the patients with mild symptoms had significantly increased circulating non-classical monocytes, innate lymphoid cells, and regulatory NK cells. In contrast, severe patients had a low frequency of Th1 and regulatory T cells with increased activated and exhausted CD8 phenotype (CD8+CD38+HLADR+ and CD8+CD27−CD28−, respectively). The predictive model included age, ferritin, D-dimer, lymph counts, C4, CD8+CD27−CD28−, and non-classical monocytes in the logistic regression analysis. The model predicted severity with an area under the curve of 78%. Both innate and adaptive immune parameters could be considered potential predictive biomarkers of the prognosis of COVID-19 disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate and Adaptive Immune Assessment at Admission to Predict Clinical Outcome in COVID-19 Patients

et al. 2021

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“…A number of hematological abnormalities have been observed in the laboratory features of COVID-19 (7,(10)(11)(12)(13). Several studies concerning changes of lymphocyte subsets and their correlation with the severity and outcome of the disease have been reported in adults (10,14,15). However, there are no studies on lymphocyte subset analyses in pediatric patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and Their Subsets in Children: Imbalanced CD4+/CD8+ T Cell Ratio and Disease Severity

et al. 2021

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Introduction: While pathogenesis in COVID-19 is not fully known and the effects between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system are complicated, it is known that lymphopenia, hyper-inflammatory responses, and cytokines play an important role in the pathology of COVID-19. While some hematological abnormalities have been described among the laboratory features of COVID-19, there have not been studies reported on lymphocyte subset analyses in children. The aim of this study was to describe lymphocyte subsets in pediatric patients with mild/moderate or severe COVID-19.Methods: The subjects in the study were children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia confirmed with the real-time RT-PCR. The subjects were admitted to the Children's Medical Center, affiliated with the Tehran University of Medical Sciences, between March 7th and June 10th of 2020. The complete blood counts and lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed for each patient.Results: The study included 55 hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (34 patients (62%) with an observed mild/moderate case of the disease and 21 patients (38%) with severedisease). Lymphocyte counts were found to be lower in patients with a severe case (mean ± SD 1.6 ± 0.9 in the severe group vs. 2.3 ± 2.2 in the mild group). Compared to the group with mild/moderate pneumonia, children with severe pneumonia had an increased count of CD8+ T cell and a lower percentage of CD4+ T cell. However, the differences between the groups were negligible. Interestingly, the severe group had a lower CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio compared to the mild group (1.1 ± 0.47 vs. 1.4 ± 0.8, p-value: 0.063). CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio <2, 1.5, and 1 was found in 48 (87%), 40 (73%), and 19 cases (35%). All of the seven cases in which the subject passed (13%) had CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio of <2, 86% had CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio of <1.5, and 29% had CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio of <1.Conclusion: The CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio was lower in patients with severe COVID-19 compared to those with mild/moderate form of disease. However, although a decline in CD4+/CD8+ ratio may serve as a useful metric in analyzing of the derangement in immune responses in patients with severe COVID-19, further study with larger sample sizes is highly recommended.

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“…Ongoing research has shown that lymphocytes and the subsets of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells also play an important role in the maintenance of immune system function during COVID-19 [ 7 ]. COVID-19 patients exhibit a reduction in the absolute number of lymphocytes, including CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, which display markers related to activation or exhaustion/senescence, in addition to altered expression of master regulators and several chemokine receptors [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil Maturation, Reactivity and Granularity Research Parameters to Characterize and Differentiate Convalescent Patients from Active SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Kwiecień

Rutkowska

Kulik

et al. 2021

Cells

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Studying the dynamics changes of neutrophils during innate immune response in coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) can help understand the pathogenesis of this disease. The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of new neutrophil activation parameters: Immature Granulocyte (IG), Neutrophil Reactivity Intensity (NEUT-RI), Neutrophil Granularity Intensity (NEUT-GI), and data relating to granularity, activity, and neutrophil volume (NE-WX, NE-WY, NE-WZ) available in hematology analyzers to distinguish convalescent patients from patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infection and healthy controls (HC). The study group consisted of 79 patients with a confirmed positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV2 infection, 71 convalescent patients, and 20 HC. We observed leukopenia with neutrophilia in patients with active infection compared to convalescents and HC. The IG median absolute count was higher in convalescent patients than in COVID-19 and HC (respectively, 0.08 vs. 0.03 vs. 0.02, p < 0.0001). The value of the NEUT-RI parameter was the highest in HC and the lowest in convalescents (48.3 vs. 43.7, p < 0.0001). We observed the highest proportion of NE-WX, NE-WY, and NE-WZ parameters in HC, without differences between the COVID-19 and convalescent groups. New neutrophil parameters can be useful tools to assess neutrophils’ activity and functionalities in the immune response during infection and recovery from COVID-19 disease.

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Dynamic Changes of Lymphocyte Subsets in the Course of COVID-19

Cited by 40 publications

References 44 publications

Innate and Adaptive Immune Assessment at Admission to Predict Clinical Outcome in COVID-19 Patients

Innate and Adaptive Immune Assessment at Admission to Predict Clinical Outcome in COVID-19 Patients

Effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and Their Subsets in Children: Imbalanced CD4+/CD8+ T Cell Ratio and Disease Severity

Neutrophil Maturation, Reactivity and Granularity Research Parameters to Characterize and Differentiate Convalescent Patients from Active SARS-CoV-2 Infection

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