Dynamic control over the heat field during LBO crystal growth by High temperature solution method

Kokh, A. E.; Vlezko, V. A.; Кох, К. А.; Кононова, Н. Г.; Villeval, Philippe; Lupinski, Dominique

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.11.050

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…To overcome these problems, alternative technologies are still competing, examples are the "low melt-level Czochralski" technique 195 (a variant of the double crucible method ensuring the stability of the crystal-melt system by using extremely small melt heights of 1-3 mm in the crucibles), or the "heat field rotation" method proposed by Kokh and co-workers 196 allowing to govern the heat and mass transfer even in a very viscous liquid phase. The dynamic development of bulk growth technology promises further progress in the next decades.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

Lengyel

Péter

Kovács

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Reviews

106

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Owing to the extraordinary richness of its physical properties, congruent lithium niobate has attracted multidecade-long interest both for fundamental science and applications. The combination of ferro-, pyro-, and piezoelectric properties with large electro-optic, acousto-optic, and photoelastic coefficients as well as the strong photorefractive and photovoltaic effects offers a great potential for applications in modern optics. To provide powerful optical components in high energy laser applications, tailoring of key material parameters, especially stoichiometry, is required. This paper reviews the state of the art of growing large stoichiometric LiNbO 3 (sLN) crystals, in particular, the defect engineering of pure and doped sLN with emphasis on optical damage resistant (ODR) dopants (e.g., Mg, Zn, In, Sc, Hf, Zr, Sn). The discussion is focused on crystals grown by the high temperature top seeded solution growth (HTTSSG) technique using alkali oxide fluxing agents. Based on high-temperature phase equilibria studies of the Li 2 O-Nb 2 O 5 -X 2 O ternary systems (X ¼ Na, K, Rb, Cs), the impact of alkali homologue additives on the stoichiometry of the lithium niobate phase will be analyzed, together with a summary of the ultraviolet, infrared, and far-infrared absorption spectroscopic methods developed to characterize the composition of the crystals. It will be shown that using HTTSSG from K 2 O containing flux, crystals closest to the stoichiometric composition can be grown characterized by a UV-edge position of at about 302 nm and a single narrow hydroxyl band in the IR with a linewidth of less than 3 cm À1 at 300 K. The threshold concentrations for ODR dopants depend on crystal stoichiometry and the valence of the dopants; Raman spectra, hydroxyl vibration spectra, and Z-scan measurements prove to be useful to distinguish crystals below and above the photorefractive threshold. Crystals just above the threshold are preferred for most nonlinear optical applications apart holography and have the additional advantage to minimize the absorption even in the far-infrared (THz) range. The review also provides a discussion on the progress made in the characterization of non-stoichiometry related intrinsic and extrinsic defect structures in doped LN crystals, with emphasis on ODR-ion-doped and/or closely stoichiometric systems, based on both spectroscopic measurements and theoretical modelling, including the results of first principles quantum mechanical calculations on hydroxyl defects. It will also be shown that new perspective applications, e.g., the generation of high energy THz pulses with energies on the tens-of-mJ scale, are feasible with ODR-doped sLN crystals if optimal conditions, including the contact grating technique, are applied. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

Lengyel

Péter

Kovács

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Reviews

106

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“…They are quite well known for their nonlinear optical properties and transparency in the UV range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Most widely used non-linear optical borates are the low temperature modification of barium borate β-BaB 2 O 4 [1][2][3][4], lithium triborate LiB 3 O 5 [5][6][7][8] and lithium-cesium borate CsLiB 6 O 10 [9][10][11]. Fluoride borates stand out amongst other borates, as they possess much broader area of transparency with the cutoff edge shifted further in the UV-range [12,13,16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride Borates with [(BO₃)F]^4– ↔ [F₄]^4– Anionic Isomorphism and X-ray Sensitivity

Bekker

Solntsev

Yelisseyev

et al. 2016

Crystal Growth & Design

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Crystals of Ba 7 (BO 3 ) 4-y F 2+3y and Ba 4-x Sr 3+x (BO 3 ) 4-y F 2+3y solid solutions display a phenomenon that has never been described for borates before -X-ray irradiation induces strong absorption in the visible range and, as the result, coloring of the crystals up to dark purple. The induced absorption can be removed by illumination with a wavelength of 300−400 nm. Owing to this phenomenon these crystals are promising sensor applicable to fixing X-ray images. With the use of electron spin resonance and optical spectroscopy it has been found that the formation of color centers is connected with the [(BO 3 )F] 4-and [F 4 ] 4-tetrahedral groups, which are the distinguishing feature of Ba 7 (BO 3 ) 4-y F 2+3y and Ba 4-x Sr 3+x (BO 3 ) 4-y F 2+3y structure. Partial replacement of Ba 2+ to Sr 2+ in the crystal lattice of Ba 4-x Sr 3+x (BO 3 ) 4-y F 2+3y leads to the formation of the stable electron-hole pairs under X-ray irradiation. The opportunity to vary the cationic and anionic sublattice composition within the same crystal structure becomes a prospective tool to vary physical and chemical properties of the phosphors.

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“…Thermal field rotation is a new method of governing heat and mass transfer in a liquid phase, as proposed by Kokh and coworkers [19][20][21][22]. They organized a traveling heat wave propagating along the crucible wall by alternate switching of the vertical heating elements located around the crucible.…”

Section: Constant-speed Rotation In Meltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oscillatory-Driven Fluid Flow Control during Crystal Growth from the Melt

Capper¹,

Zharikov

2015

Handbook of Crystal Growth

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Dynamic control over the heat field during LBO crystal growth by High temperature solution method

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

Fluoride Borates with [(BO₃)F]^4– ↔ [F₄]^4– Anionic Isomorphism and X-ray Sensitivity

Oscillatory-Driven Fluid Flow Control during Crystal Growth from the Melt

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Dynamic control over the heat field during LBO crystal growth by High temperature solution method

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

Fluoride Borates with [(BO3)F]4– ↔ [F4]4– Anionic Isomorphism and X-ray Sensitivity

Oscillatory-Driven Fluid Flow Control during Crystal Growth from the Melt

Contact Info

Product

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Fluoride Borates with [(BO₃)F]^4– ↔ [F₄]^4– Anionic Isomorphism and X-ray Sensitivity