Dynamic high-resolution sonography of the carpal tunnel.

Chen, Phebe; Maklad, Nabil F.; Redwine, Michael D.; Zelitt, David

doi:10.2214/ajr.168.2.9016242

Cited by 108 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A wide spectrum of extrinsic causes of nerve entrapment may be recognized with US (8)(9)(10)(11). These are related to congenital anomalies or acquired disease.…”

Section: Carpal Tunnelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On transverse US scans, the normal median nerve is elliptical and flattens progressively as it courses distally. US criteria for median nerve compression include the classic triad of nerve flattening in the distal tunnel, nerve swelling at the distal radius or (less frequently) in the proximal tunnel, and palmar bowing of the flexor retinaculum (8,14,15). Because the shape of the nerve varies as it passes through the tunnel, indexes have been introduced to better quantify abnormal findings; a nerve cross-sectional area greater than 0.09 cm 2 at the level of the proximal tunnel is reported to be the best criterion for the diagnosis (16).…”

Section: Carpal Tunnelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A good correlation has been demonstrated between the area of the median nerve measured with US and the severity of electromyographic findings or the functional outcome after surgery (17). Reduced transverse sliding of the nerve beneath the retinaculum during flexion and extension of the index finger may also be seen, but this sign is too subjective and harder to quantify (8,18). Only a few studies have compared US and MR imaging in evaluation of carpal tunnel syndrome.…”

Section: Carpal Tunnelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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US of Nerve Entrapments in Osteofibrous Tunnels of the Upper and Lower Limbs

et al. 2000

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The diagnosis of nerve entrapment at osteofibrous tunnels relies primarily on clinical and electrodiagnostic findings. Recently, the refinement of high-frequency broadband transducers with a range of 5-15 MHz, sophisticated focusing in the near field, and sensitive color and power Doppler technology have improved the ability to evaluate peripheral nerve entrapment in osteofibrous tunnels with ultrasonography (US). In the upper limb, osteofibrous tunnels amenable to US examination include the carpal tunnel for the median nerve and the cubital and Guyon tunnels for the ulnar nerve. In the lower limb, these tunnels include the fibular neck for the common peroneal nerve, the tarsal tunnel for the posterior tibial nerve, and the intermetatarsal spaces for the interdigital nerves. High-resolution US allows direct imaging of the involved nerves, as well as documentation of changes in nerve shape and echotexture that occur in compressive syndromes. A spectrum of extrinsic causes of entrapment, such as tenosynovitis, ganglia, soft-tissue tumors, bone and joint abnormalities, and anomalous muscles, can also be diagnosed with US. With continued experience, it is likely that this technique will be increasingly used to evaluate nerve entrapment syndromes.

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“…A wide spectrum of extrinsic causes of nerve entrapment may be recognized with US (8)(9)(10)(11). These are related to congenital anomalies or acquired disease.…”

Section: Carpal Tunnelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carpal Tunnelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carpal Tunnelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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US of Nerve Entrapments in Osteofibrous Tunnels of the Upper and Lower Limbs

et al. 2000

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“…Others have found the bowing of the flexor retinaculum to be more reliable. [27][28][29][30][31][32] Imaging of ulnar nerve compression has been studied less. In Guyon's canal, it is difficult to follow.…”

Section: Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clinical Applications of Peripheral Nerve Imaging in the Upper Extremity

Khachi

Skirgaudes

Lee

et al. 2007

The Journal of Hand Surgery

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“…The commonest sites of CEN that are amenable to direct ultrasonic nerve visualisation include the carpal tunnel for the median nerve, the cubital tunnel and Guyon's canal for the ulnar nerve, the proximal fibula for the common peroneal nerve and the metatarsal heads for the interdigital nerves of the foot [2,7,30,31,32,33]. Unfortunately, some smaller nerves that can be affected by CEN, such as the anterior interosseous nerve, may not be directly visualized [34,35].…”

Section: Normal Us Appearancementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of diagnostic radiology in compressive and entrapment neuropathies

et al. 2002

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Diagnostic imaging is increasingly being utilised to aid the diagnosis of compression and entrapment neuropathies. Cross-sectional imaging, primarily ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, can provide exquisite anatomical detail of peripheral nerves and the changes that may occur as a result of compression. Imaging can provide a useful diagnostic aid to clinicians, which may supplement clinical evaluation, and may eventually provide an alternative to other diagnostic techniques such as nerve conduction studies. This article describes the abnormalities that may be demonstrated by current imaging techniques, and critically analyses the impact of imaging in diagnosis of peripheral compressive neuropathy.

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Dynamic high-resolution sonography of the carpal tunnel.

Cited by 108 publications

References 23 publications

US of Nerve Entrapments in Osteofibrous Tunnels of the Upper and Lower Limbs

US of Nerve Entrapments in Osteofibrous Tunnels of the Upper and Lower Limbs

The Clinical Applications of Peripheral Nerve Imaging in the Upper Extremity

The role of diagnostic radiology in compressive and entrapment neuropathies

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