Dynamic Load Estimation in Silage Harvesting

Abstract

There are many sources of disturbances for on-the-go weighing. This study was conducted to develop a new method to remove those disturbances and to estimate more accurate dynamic masses in silage harvesting. A mathematically simple procedure was developed using vertical movement information from a low-cost accelerometer, in addition to conventional instrumentation using load cells for mass data, and was tested using a small scale model weighing bin and a commercial silage wagon. Clear similarities were found between the patterns of low-pass filtered mass and acceleration data when both were obtained simultaneously from the same harvesting system. Multiplication factors for acceleration data were calculated so that the differences between the mass data and the multiplied acceleration data could be minimized. Thus, subtracting the multiplied acceleration from the mass data corresponded to deleting load cell disturbances due to vertical movements. A small-scale model weighing system was used to apply the developed approach to known dynamic masses. Mass estimation showed less than 20 g measurement errors for experimental loads. The same method was applied to a commercial silage wagon with harvested silage mass data in the 0 to 7,000 kg range. The proposed method showed that remaining error magnitudes were reduced by 39% to 56% and standard deviations were reduced by 53% to 68 % with respect to the results of low-pass filtering and moving average.

Evaluation of Cognitive Deficits and Structural Hippocampal Damage in Encephalitis With Leucine-Rich, Glioma-Inactivated 1 Antibodies

“…23,24 Tumors were identified in 3 patients (10%). This observation is in line with findings from the cohorts of Lai et al 2 (6 of 51 patients [12%] with 5 different tumors) and Shin et al 5 (1 of 14 patients [7%]) but contrasts with several studies 1,3,4 that found no tumor associations.…”

“…Patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis presented with typical clinical symptoms (ie, FBDS and limbic encephalitis) complemented by hyponatremia and characteristic hippocampal MRI signal changes. 1,2,5,25,26 Twenty percent of the patients in our cohort had autonomic (eg, shivers, flushing) or pilomotor seizures. 23,24 Tumors were identified in 3 patients (10%).…”

“…Most patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis respond to immunotherapy. 4,5,27,28 Almost all of our patients received firstand second-line treatment. Despite this therapy, patients developed substantial verbal and spatial memory deficits.…”

“…Despite possible severe adverse effects, all patients in the present study tolerated immunosuppression well, which is in line with findings from previous studies. 5,28…”

“…3 Early recognition and immunosuppressive treatment of FBDS can prevent progression to limbic encephalitis and development of cognitive deficits. 4,5 Characteristic imaging features of autoimmune encephalitides associated with different antibodies are increasingly recognized. 6 For example, advanced imaging analyses, including resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and volumetry, have revealed reduced hippocampal functional connectivity, widespread white matter damage, and hippocampal atrophy in encephalitis associated with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies despite normal results of clinical MRIs in most of these patients.…”