Dynamic modeling of emulsion polymerization reactors

Penlidis, Alexander; MacGregor, John F.; Hamielec, A. E.

doi:10.1002/aic.690310602

Cited by 63 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…As such, particle formation has been the subject of much attention, and there are many models for this process in the literature, dating back to the original work of Smith and Ewart [I]. More modem treatments are complex (e.g., [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and take into account a large range of events. The extensive and important work of Hansen and Ugelstad in particular [18,19] provides means by which the onset of secondary particle formation may be calculated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditions for secondary particle formation in emulsion polymerization systems

Morrison

Gilbert

1995

Macromolecular Symposia

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A simple means is deduced for determining conditions for secondary particle formation in emulsion polymerization systems in systems where the amount of added surfactant is below the cmc. A new radical formed from initiator in the aqueous phase will undergo some polymerization with aqueous-phase monomer, but must have three possible eventual fates: aqueous-phase termination, entry into a preexisting particle, or creation of a new particle. The means for determining the onset and extent of secondary nucleation is to modify H U R theory to take into account a successful model for entry [Macromolecules, 24, 1629 (1991)l which states that entry occurs if and only if the aqueous-phase radical has achieved a critical degree of polymerization 2. Particle formation below the cmc is by homogeneous/coagulative nucleation which (if coagulation is ignored) gives an upper bound to the rate of formation of precursor particles; these are of a degree of polymerization jcfit > z. The resulting equations are readily solved, and require only a knowledge of the aqueousphase propagation and termination rate coefficients (the latter is very high: ca. lo9 dm3 mol-1 s-1 for termination between the very small radicals), z and jcfit. Easily applied means are given for estimating all these quantities. The treatment gives good accord with experimentally observed conditions for the onset of secondary nucleation in low-surfactant systems (including taking in situ micellization into account).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditions for secondary particle formation in emulsion polymerization systems

Morrison

Gilbert

1995

Macromolecular Symposia

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“…An early paper on the dynamic modeling of emulsion polymerization reactors is that of Penlidis, MacGregor, and Hamielec 4. This survey paper discussed the dynamic and steady‐state modeling of emulsion polymerizations of homo and copolymers in a variety of reactor types including batch, semi‐batch, and continuous reactors and showed how these models can be used for reactor design optimization and online state estimation and control.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerization Reactor Modeling in Industry

Mueller

Richards

Congalidis

2011

Macro Reaction Engineering

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This paper provides an industrial perspective for the development of polymer reaction engineering models and their application to create new materials, products, and improved or novel processes. The challenges specific to polymer reactor modeling are discussed in the context of articles and books that the authors have found useful. Four components of a polymer reactor model (kinetics, thermodynamics, transport effects, and particle dynamics) are discussed with illustrative examples. Finally typical outputs of polymer reactor models are shown to demonstrate that a first principles model supported and validated by experiments can be a very powerful tool for fundamental understanding of polymer reactors and is a recommended alternative to empirical methods and experimentation alone.magnified image

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“…Reasons for this are the substantial water solubility of vinyl acetate monomer, and the different reactivities of the vinyl acetate and styrene radicals; the chain transfer to monomer is much higher for vinyl acetate. The kinetics of the polymerization of vinyl acetate has been studied and mechanisms have been proposed (80,81,82,83,84).…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vinyl Acetate Polymers

Cordeiro¹,

Petrocelli²

2005

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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This article provides information related to the chemistry, manufacture, and use of poly(vinyl acetate). Summary information is provided on vinyl acetate as the primary ingredient in the manufacture of the polymer. This information focuses on the chemical and physical properties of the material and the handling and safety aspects pertinent to its use in a polymerization system. The key material properties of poly(vinyl acetate) homopolymer and copolymers are described. The influences of key components of the polymerization recipe are discussed, such as the effect of the stabilizers, comonomers, and chain‐transfer agents on the reaction and product. Polymerization process aspects are covered with a focus on emulsion polymerization. The mechanisms involved in the vinyl acetate polymerization reaction are discussed. An overview is provided of the applications of the homopolymer and copolymers in adhesives, paint, paper, and other areas. General information is provided in these areas with references which can be used to obtain more specific information.

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Dynamic modeling of emulsion polymerization reactors

Cited by 63 publications

References 62 publications

Conditions for secondary particle formation in emulsion polymerization systems

Conditions for secondary particle formation in emulsion polymerization systems

Polymerization Reactor Modeling in Industry

Vinyl Acetate Polymers

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